Ib yam li cov ntawv luam tawm, e-phau ntawv yuav tsum tau hais tawm ib yam thaum twg ib feem ntawm nws tau siv hauv cov ntawv tshawb fawb. Muaj peb txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov peev txheej: MLA style, APA style, thiab Chicago Style. Siv cov txheej txheem xav tau los ntawm koj daim ntawv txhawm rau txheeb xyuas e-phau ntawv kom raug. Nrog lub sijhawm me ntsis thiab mob siab rau kom ntxaws, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim hais txog e-phau ntawv rau koj daim ntawv lossis kab lus.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: MLA Style
Kauj Ruam 1. Pib nrog tus sau lub npe
Thawj qhov uas koj xav hais thaum siv MLA qhov kev sau npe yog tus sau lub npe. Koj yuav tsum pib nrog tus sau lub xeem, tom qab ntawd ntxiv thawj lub npe. Tom qab qhov no, koj yuav tsum tso sijhawm.
- Piv txwv, hais tias koj tab tom txheeb phau ntawv Mrs. Dalloway. Koj qhov kev hais tawm yuav pib, "Woof, Virginia."
- Hauv qhov xwm txheej muaj ob tus kws sau ntawv, koj yuav teev cov sau phau ntawv raws tus lej. Piv txwv, "Baker, James and Valenti, Howard." Yog tias muaj ntau dua ob tus kws sau ntawv, koj yuav sau thawj tus neeg sau npe ua raws cov ntawv luv "li al." Piv txwv, "Baker, James, et al."
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntxiv lub npe ntawm phau ntawv
Txij ntawm no, koj yuav ntxiv lub npe ntawm phau ntawv. Lub npe ntawm phau ntawv yuav tsum tau sau ua kab lus thiab ua raws lub sijhawm.
Txog tam sim no, koj cov ntaub ntawv yuav nyeem, "Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway."
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm
Tam sim no koj xav tau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm phau ntawv. Feem ntau nws tuaj yeem pom ntawm thawj ob peb "nplooj ntawv" ntawm phau ntawv nyob ze ntawm sab hauv. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem teev nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv dav dav ntawm lub xaib uas koj yuav lossis qiv qiv phau ntawv. Koj yuav tsum teev npe lub tsev tshaj tawm, ua raws li tus nyuv, tom qab ntawd muab hnub tshaj tawm, ua raws lub sijhawm.
Tam sim no koj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum nyeem, "Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. Houghton Mifflin Hartcourt Publishing: 1953."
Kauj Ruam 4. Qhia meej qhov no yog qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Hauv MLA cov lus hais, koj feem ntau qhia meej txog hom khoom siv. Koj yuav tsum hais qhia yam hom e-nyeem ntawv koj tab tom siv, thiab sau cov hom ntaub ntawv ua raws lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, hais tias koj siv Kindle. Koj qhov chaw yuav nyeem, "Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. Houghton Mifflin Hartcourt Publishing: 1953, New York City. Kindle file."
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: APA Style
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau tus sau lub xeem thiab lub npe
Txhawm rau pib APA citation, pib nrog tus sau lub npe thiab lub xeem. Tom qab ntawd, ntxiv ib lub sijhawm. Piv txwv, hais tias koj tab tom xam phaj Mrs. Dalloway. Koj yuav pib koj qhov citation nrog, "Woolf, Virginia."
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntxiv xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm hauv kab lus
Hauv APA cov ntawv hais tawm, xyoo tshaj tawm los txog tom ntej. Nws yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab yuav tsum tau ua raws los ntawm ib lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, "Woolf, Virginia. (1953)."
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau lub npe ntawm phau ntawv hauv kab ntawv
Los ntawm no, koj yuav ntxiv lub npe ntawm phau ntawv. Qhov no yuav tsum yog hauv kab ntawv thiab ua raws lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, "Woolf, Virginia. (1953). Mrs. Dalloway."
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov twg phau ntawv tau luam tawm
Tam sim no, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov twg phau ntawv tau luam tawm. Qhov no tseem tuaj yeem pom ntawm thawj ob peb "nplooj ntawv." Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem teev nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv dav dav ntawm lub xaib uas koj yuav lossis qiv qiv phau ntawv. Koj yuav ntxiv lub nroog uas nws tau tshaj tawm, ua raws tus lej. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav ntxiv cov ntawv luv rau lub xeev ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Ntxiv cov nyuv thiab sau npe tshaj tawm.
Piv txwv li, "Woolf, Virginia. (1953). Mrs. Dalloway. New York City, NY: Houghton Mifflin Hartcourt Publishing."
Kauj Ruam 5. Txheeb phau ntawv los ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv database
Yuav ua li cas koj hais txog e-phau ntawv nyob ntawm qhov koj tau txais e-phau ntawv hauv APA style. Yog tias koj pom e-phau ntawv ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv online lossis database, koj yuav sau cov Digital Object Identifier (DOI) lossis URL rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawd.
- Koj tuaj yeem pom phau ntawv DOI thaum tshawb xyuas phau ntawv tawm ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv digital. Nws yog txoj hlua ntev ntawm cov lej tawg nrog cov cim thiab cov sijhawm teev nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus hais txog phau ntawv, ib txwm sau tias yog DOI. Ntxiv tus lej no mus rau qhov kawg ntawm koj qhov kev hais tawm. Piv txwv li, "Woolf, Virginia. (1953). Mrs. Dalloway. New York City, NY: Houghton Mifflin Hartcourt Publishing. Doi: 1234/5678/9101.1234"
- Tsis yog txhua phau ntawv eBook muaj tus lej DOI teev tseg. Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem pom tus lej DOI, sau yooj yim "Rov qab los ntawm" thiab ntxiv qhov URL ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv online uas koj tau txais lub hauv paus. Piv txwv li, "Woolf, Virginia. (1953). Mrs. Dalloway. New York City, NY: Houghton Mifflin Hartcourt Publishing. Retrieved from www.onlinelibrary.org."
Kauj Ruam 6. Txheeb phau ntawv yuav lossis tau txais dawb hauv online
Tej zaum koj tau yuav koj phau ntawv online, lossis tau txais los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pub dawb. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav sau "Rov qab los ntawm" thaum kawg koj qhov kev hais tawm. Tom qab ntawd, suav nrog lub vev xaib uas koj yuav phau ntawv lossis qhov chaw koj rub tawm nws dawb.
Piv txwv li, "Woolf, Virginia. (1953). Mrs. Dalloway. New York City, NY: Houghton Mifflin Hartcourt Publishing. Retrieved from www.amazon.com"
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Chicago Style
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau tus sau lub npe
Nrog Chicago Style citation, pib nrog tus sau lub npe. Koj yuav sau lub xeem lub npe, tom qab ntawd tus lej cim, tom qab ntawd lub npe. Tom qab ntawd, ntxiv ib lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, "Woolf, Virginia."
Kauj Ruam 2. Qhia lub npe ntawm phau ntawv
Txij ntawm no, hais lub npe ntawm phau ntawv. Nco ntsoov tias lub npe nyob hauv kab lus, thiab ua raws lub npe nrog lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, "Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway."
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm
Txij ntawm no mus, koj yuav tau ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv no ntawm lub xaib uas koj yuav lossis qiv qiv phau ntawv, thiab nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm ntawm thawj ob peb "nplooj ntawv" koj ntxig rau ntawm koj lub vijtsam. Koj yuav tsum ntxiv lub nroog, ua raws li cov nyuv. Tom qab ntawd, ntxiv tus tshaj tawm, ua raws tus lej cim, thiab xyoo luam tawm.
Koj qhov chaw tam sim no yuav nyeem, "Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. New York City: Houghton Mifflin Hartcourt Publishing, 1953."
Kauj Ruam 4. Cite ib phau ntawv e-book los ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv database
Ib yam li APA qhov kev hais tawm, koj yuav hais txog e-phau ntawv hauv Chicago Style nyob ntawm qhov koj nkag mus rau phau ntawv twg. Thaum ua haujlwm los ntawm cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv online, koj yuav tsum sau qhov URL ntawm lub hauv paus lossis DOI. Nco ntsoov, DOI yog cov lej ntawm cov lej, qhov sib luag, thiab lub sijhawm uas txheeb xyuas phau ntawv hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv online.
- Yog tias koj siv DOI, koj qhov kev hais tawm yuav zoo li "Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. New York City: Houghton Mifflin Hartcourt Publishing, 1953, doi: 123.3456/2355/2345".
- Yog tias tsis muaj doi suav nrog, koj tuaj yeem suav nrog qhov URL ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv online uas koj tshawb xyuas phau ntawv. Piv txwv li, "Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. New York City: Houghton Mifflin Hartcourt Publishing, www.onlinelibrary.com".
Kauj Ruam 5. Nyeem phau ntawv uas koj pom hauv lub vev xaib
Yog tias koj yuav phau ntawv online, lossis nyeem nws dawb, koj tsuas yog xav tau ntxiv qhov URL uas koj yuav lossis nyeem phau ntawv kom txog thaum kawg ntawm koj qhov kev hais tawm. Piv txwv, "Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. New York City: Houghton Mifflin Hartcourt Publishing, amazon.com."
