Cov cwj mem coj mus muag tau tsim los ntawm txheej txheem siv sijhawm thiab ntau lub tshuab tshwj xeeb. Koj tuaj yeem yooj yim ua koj tus kheej xaum nyob hauv tsev, txawm li cas los xij, nrog cov khw yuav cov xaum xaum thiab ob peb yam khoom siv tau npaj txhij.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Cov Ntawv Xaum
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav daim ntawv
Pib nrog ib lub xwmfab ntawm daim ntawv origami, sab hauv tig rau sab, thiab ntev ntawm cov xaum xaum. Ob qho no muaj nyob ntawm cov khw muag ntawv sau. Muab koj cov xaum xaum xaum tso rau ntawm daim ntawv thiab ntsuas qhov ntev. Siv txiab txiav tawm ib daim ntawv uas ntev tshaj qhov ntev ntawm cov hlau lead.
- Thaum ntsuas tawm qhov ntev ntawm koj tus xaum, nco ntsoov tias ib kawg ntawm cov hlau lead yog tiaj tus tawm tsam ib sab ntawm daim ntawv. Ntsuas qhov ntev siv lwm qhov kawg.
- Cov ntawv origami ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, vim nws zoo nkauj thiab yooj yim los tswj. Ntawv xov xwm lossis lwm cov ntawv pov tseg nyuaj rau qhwv cov xaum, tab sis phooj ywg zoo rau ib puag ncig.
- Hais txog kev tawv, nco ntsoov tias koj cov xaum xaum yog HB. Cov hlau lead uas yog 2B lossis siab dua yuav ua rau muag thiab tuaj yeem tsoo thaum koj ua haujlwm nrog nws.
- Koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem graphite lossis cov xim graphite coj.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsho daim ntawv nrog Mod Podge
Siv qhov dav, tiaj tus txhuam hniav los thov ib txheej txheej ntawm Mod Podge rau sab hauv ntawm daim ntawv. Ua ntawv thov nyiaj ntau, txheej tag nrho daim ntawv.
- Ib ntus tso cov hmoov txhuas ib sab thaum koj siv cov nplaum.
- Koj tuaj yeem siv ci lossis matte Mod Podge; ob qho kev xaiv tsim nyog.
- Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav Mod Podge, nrhiav rau ib qho ua ke kua nplaum/foob hauv koj lub khw muag khoom.
- Cov nplaum yuav ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov hmoov txhuas lo rau koj daim ntawv thaum koj ua haujlwm nrog nws. Nws kuj ua rau daim ntawv hloov pauv tau yooj yim dua, thiab vim li ntawd, daim ntawv yuav yooj yim dua rau yob.
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab cov hlau lead tso rau ntawm daim ntawv
Kab ib qho kawg ntawm cov hlau lead nrog sab ncaj nraim ntawm koj daim ntawv. Cov hlau lead yuav tsum yog txog ½ nti (13 hli) nce ntawm hauv qab ntawm daim ntawv.
Yog tias cov hlau lead muaj qhov kawg tsis kawg thiab taw tes kawg, kab kab kawg ntawm cov hlau lead nrog cov ntug ncaj ntawm daim ntawv
Kauj Ruam 4. Khawb daim ntawv hla tus hlau lead
Nqa cov ntug hauv qab ntawm daim ntawv thiab hla cov hlau lead. Khawb daim ntawv no rau saum cov hlau lead thiab muab cov ntawv tso rau saum nws, muab cov hmoov txhuas tso rau hauv qhov chaw.
- Cov hlau lead yuav tsum nruj thiab ruaj ntseg. Siv koj tus ntiv tes xoo, ua tib zoo nias raws qhov ntev ntawm cov ntaub qhwv los ntawm sab saum toj, yuam kom nws txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv daim ntawv quav thiab ua kom cov ntawv nrov nrov hauv cov txheej txheem.
- Siv koj cov txhuam hniav los pleev xim rau sab zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntawv nrov nrog Mod Podge lossis cov kua nplaum dawb tom qab nws tau ruaj khov lawm.
Kauj Ruam 5. Dov cov hlau lead hauv daim ntawv
Siv koj cov ntiv tes txhawm rau maj mam muab cov hmoov txhuas coj los tso rau saum daim ntawv. Txuas ntxiv mus kom txog thaum koj mus txog qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv.
- Thov siv lub zog ruaj khov thaum koj rub cov hlau lead. Koj yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj qhov khoob nyob nruab nrab ntawm txhua txheej ntawv.
- Ua tib zoo saib, txawm li cas los xij, vim tias siv lub zog ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau lead ua rau snap.
- Khaws cov hlau lead kom ncaj li sai tau thaum koj yob nws.
- Cia cov xaum xaum qhuav qhuav ua ntej txuas mus ntxiv rau cov kauj ruam no. Cov txheej txheem kom qhuav tuaj yeem siv sijhawm li ib teev lossis ntau dua, tab sis koj tuaj yeem pab ua kom nrawm dua los ntawm kev cia nws qhuav hauv lub hnub.
Kauj Ruam 6. Huv tus xaum
Sai li tus xaum qhuav qhuav tag, siv rab riam ntse los txiav tawm qee cov ntawv txheej ntawm qhov taw tes kawg ntawm cov hlau lead. Khawb daim ntawv maj mam maj mam, nqa nws mus rau qhov chaw nqaim.
Koj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem siv tus txheej txheem tes tuav tus cwj mem tsis txhob siv rab riam riam ntev li ntev tau tus rab riam muaj rab riam ntse thiab xaum xaum muaj txheej khov kho, tsis muaj qhov khoob. Siv lub teeb pom kev kom tsis txhob nqus cov hmoov txhuas hauv tus txheej txheem
Kauj Ruam 7. Siv koj tus xaum tshiab
Tam sim no koj tus xaum tau npaj siv thiab yuav tsum sau ib yam li tus qauv, khw muag khoom yuav khoom.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Twig Pencil
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv tus twig zoo
Nrhiav tus twig ncaj uas haum rau hauv xaum tuav. Nws yuav tsum yog yam tsawg peb mus rau plaub zaug tuab dua li 2-mm mem hluav lead koj yuav siv rau txoj haujlwm, tab sis tsis pub ntau tshaj ½ nti (13mm).
Koj tuaj yeem muaj tswv yim los ntawm kev nrhiav tus twig nrog cov xim zoo nkauj lossis kev ntxhib los mos. Tsis txhob xaiv ib qho twg ntawm cov ntoo uas tuaj yeem ua rau koj tawg
Kauj Ruam 2. Txiav twig kom loj
Siv cov me me mus rau nruab nrab cov txiab txiav cov ceg ntoo kom qis li 5 ntiv tes (13 cm). Kuj txiav tawm ib feem twg uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li koj sau.
Siv sijhawm no los tshuaj xyuas sab hauv ntawm koj cov ceg ntoo. Yog tias koj pom kab los yog qhov los ntawm kab tsuag puas tsuaj, muab pov tseg thiab nrhiav qhov tshiab
Kauj Ruam 3. Kaw tus ceg ntoo
Siv lub clamp kom ruaj ntseg twig rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub rooj ua haujlwm lossis rau ib daim plywood. Siv lub zog txaus kom tuav tus ceg ntoo, tab sis tsis muaj ntxiv lawm. Kev nyuab siab ntau dhau tuaj yeem rub tus ceg ntoo.
Zais qhov twig kom qhov kawg txiav dai me ntsis hla ntawm koj qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Qhov no yuav yog qhov kawg ntawm koj tus xaum
Kauj Ruam 4. Diav qhov kawg ntawm twig
Nrhiav qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov txiav kawg (lub hom phiaj sau kawg) ntawm koj cov ceg ntoo. Nyuaj tseem tau ua tib zoo nias rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab nrog kos awl. Koj yuav tsum siv lub zog txaus kom tawm qhov nkag mus rau hauv ntoo ntawm qhov no.
- Koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntsia hlau ntsia ntsia ntsia ntsia es tsis yog khawb av.
- Qhov kev nkag nkag no yuav dhau los ua qhov pib rau koj qhov kev siv me ntsis.
Kauj Ruam 5. Laum rau hauv twig
Ua kom haum koj lub laum nrog 3/32-nti (2.4-mm) laum ntsis. Laum ncaj rau hauv twig siv qhov kev nkag uas koj nyuam qhuav ua los ua qhov pib. Ua mus kom txog thaum koj tsoo qhov tob ntawm 1 thiab 1.25 ntiv tes (2.5 thiab 3.2 cm).
Rub lub laum me ntsis tawm qee zaum thaum koj ua haujlwm, txhawm rau tshem cov ntoo tawm ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws lossis cov nqaj. Yog tias cov ntoo ntoo no pom tshwm hauv qhov me ntsis, nres qhov laum thiab txhuam sai sai ob sab ntawm tus txhuam hniav qub lossis cov tais diav zoo sib xws
Kauj Ruam 6. Txhuam koj cov hmoov txhuas hauv cov kua nplaum
Kuaj xyuas tias cov hlau lead haum rau hauv lub qhov, tom qab ntawd tho lub qhov dav yog tias tsim nyog. Thaum koj paub tseeb tias nws haum, txhuam ib lub qhov ntiav ntiav ntawm cov paj ntaub dawb ua kua nplaum rau ib daim ntawm cov duab los qhia tseg. Yob hauv qab 1 txog 1.25 nti (2.5 txog 3.2 cm) ntawm koj cov hmoov txhuas hauv cov kua nplaum no.
- Nco ntsoov tias cov hmoov txhuas tau lo rau txhua txoj kev ncig nws ib puag ncig.
- Cov kua nplaum yuav pab tuav koj cov xaum xaum rau hauv qhov chaw thaum koj ntxig nws rau hauv twig. Koj tsuas yog xav tau lub tsho ntev ntawm cov hlau lead sib npaug rau qhov tob ntawm koj lub qhov.
Kauj Ruam 7. Ntxig cov hlau lead rau hauv twig
Ua tib zoo txhuam cov kua nplaum npog qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau lead rau hauv lub qhov ntawm koj cov ceg ntoo. Koj yuav tsum tau qoj nws rov qab los me ntsis kom kis cov kua nplaum sab hauv lub qhov.
- Ua haujlwm kom zoo kom tsis txhob ntuav cov hlau lead.
- Mus txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum koj tau thawb cov hlau lead hauv lub qhov. Tsis txhob tso ib feem ntawm lub qhov tso tseg.
Kauj Ruam 8. Txiav qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau lead
Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau lead tseem yuav nthuav mus yav dhau los ntawm koj qhov twig. Txiav nws mus rau qhov me me los ntawm nias nws tawm tsam sab ntawm twig, snapping nws tawm hauv tus txheej txheem.
Tso cov kua nplaum kom qhuav rau ob peb teev lossis hmo ntuj ua ntej txuas ntxiv
Kauj Ruam 9. Huv tus xaum
Siv rab riam ntse los txhuam cov ntoo ntawm qhov kawg ntawm koj cov ceg ntoo, qhia tawm me ntsis ntawm cov hlau lead thiab ua kom cov xaum xaum ua tus txheej txheem.
- Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, txav riam hauv qhov nrawm thiab ua haujlwm deb ntawm koj lub cev.
- Maj mam tshem tawm cov ntoo me me kom txog thaum koj tus xaum ntawv ntse txaus los sau nrog.
Kauj Ruam 10. Siv koj tus xaum tshiab
Txij ntawm no mus, koj tus xaum tau ua tiav thiab yuav tsum npaj sau nrog.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Cov Xaum Ua Hauv Tsev
Kauj Ruam 1. Grind graphite rau hauv hmoov
Nov yog qhov tseeb tseeb: "xaum xaum" yog tsim los ntawm graphite, tsis yog txhuas. Daim ntawv mos, dub ntawm cov pa roj carbon no tau los ntev txij li Askiv siv nws los kos rau yaj tsib puas xyoo dhau los. Vim tias cov khoom siv graphite txuas rau cov cuab yeej sib tsoo tas li, cov xaum qhuav ua rau nws sib cais hauv cov nruas tig, lossis tsoo nws ua ke nrog cov dav hlau.
Cov xaum xim tau ua nrog siv quav ciab, xim pleev xim, thiab av nplaum hloov pauv, tsis muaj graphite koom nrog
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntxiv av nplaum thiab dej
Sib tov av nplaum thiab dej rau hauv cov graphite, thiab koj tau txais cov dej ntawm cov av nplaum grey. Qhov no suab yooj yim, tab sis nws tuaj yeem siv tag nrho lub lim tiam ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab ziab kom tau txais qhov sib xws kom raug!
Tuam Tshoj av nplaum tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm thawj tus neeg siv nws rau cov tais diav. Tau ntau pua xyoo, tsuas yog Suav cov kws txawj txawj txawj paub siv av nplaum twg, thiab yuav ua li cas tig nws mus ua cov plooj (porcelain). Tam sim no nws tsis tshua muaj qhov paub tsis meej uas nws tau siv los doodle ntawm kev ua lej hauv tsev
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua kom sov sib xyaw rau hauv cov pas nrig
Cov tshuab tam sim no thawb cov tshuaj txhuam los ntawm cov raj me me. Tus pas nrig ntev uas tawm los yog txiav ua tej daim me me. Thaum kawg, cov no nkag rau hauv lub cub tawg kom sov txog li 2, 000ºF (1100ºC), kom ua rau lawv nyuaj thiab du.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txiav ntoo rau hauv cov ntoo nyias nyias
Lub caij no, ntawm cov ntoo ntoo, cov ntoo ruaj khov tau txiav rau hauv slats ib nrab ntawm qhov dav ntawm tus xaum. Hauv North America, cov xaum qhuav tsim khoom feem ntau siv xyab ntoo cedar los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub poob.
- Yog tias koj pom cov xaum qhuav lossis nyias xaum rau muag, cov ntoo uas lawv los ntawm tej zaum muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Lub zeb txiav tawm thaj chaw tsis muaj zog lossis puas tsuaj thiab sim siv qhov seem rau cov xaum "coj txawv txawv" lossis lwm lub hom phiaj.
- Cov ntoo kuj tseem tuaj yeem pleev xim thiab pleev xim kom ua xim zoo ib yam, thiab ua kom cov xaum xaum yooj yim dua.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sandwich ntoo thiab graphite
Cov xaum xaum thiab ntoo ntoo thaum kawg tau ntsib. Tom qab carving grooves nyob rau hauv cov ntoo slats, cov cav tov ntxig cov graphite pas nrig rau hauv txhua tus. Ib txheej thib ob ntawm cov ntoo clamps qis dua cov graphite thiab tau glued ntawm nruj.
Kauj Ruam 6. Ua kom tiav cov xaum qhuav
Tam sim no lub Hoobkas pom cov ntoo sib cais ua cov xaum qhuav. Qhov kawg ntawm cov tshuab txiav cov no mus rau qhov ntev sib xws, pleev xim rau lawv, thiab thim lawv nrog lub tuam txhab logo lossis lwm yam kev sau ntawv. Yog tias muaj lub lwv laum txuas nrog, lub Hoobkas txiav cov ntoo kom tau cov hlau (ferrule) kom nyob hauv qhov chaw.
