Ua ntej pib ua txoj haujlwm tso ua vaj tse, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim qhov ntim ntawm cov pob zeb uas xav tau rau txoj haujlwm. Qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov pob zeb tuaj yeem ua rau koj yuav tsum tau muab cov pob zeb tso rau hauv 2 qhov sib cais sib cais, uas yuav tsim cov txheej txheem tsis muaj zog ntawm ob txoj haujlwm. Ntau dhau, ntawm qhov tod tes, tej zaum yuav raug nyiaj pov tseg. Hmoov zoo, xam tawm qhov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm hauv vaj hauv tsev feem ntau yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev suav lub ntim ntawm qhov chaw kom nchuav thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv 5-10% rau tus lej no kom muaj kev txuag. Txog kev tso pob zeb yooj yim hu rau pob zeb ua kom raug nchuav rau hauv thaj tsam 3-D puag ncig, suav nrog ntim tau ua tiav nrog qhov sib npaug ntev × dav × qhov siab.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Siv 3-D Volume Equations
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua kom paub koj tus kheej nrog ntsuas qhov ntim ntawm qhob
Qhob ntim (qhov chaw ntawm lub cev nws yuav siv) feem ntau ntsuas hauv ib qho cubic yards (yds3) lossis cubic meters (m3). Ib lub cubic cubic yog 3-dimensional lub voos xwmfab uas yog 3 feet ntev hauv txhua qhov ntev, thaum lub cubic meter yog lub voos xwmfab uas yog 1 meter ntev hauv txhua qhov ntev.
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Feem ntau, cov hnab ntim cov pob zeb qhuav sib xyaw yuav qhia qhov ntim ntawm "ntub" cov pob zeb ua ke txhua lub hnab yuav ua thaum ua kom sib xyaw nrog dej. Hauv qab no yog kwv yees kwv yees pes tsawg lub hnab ntawm cov pob zeb qhuav sib tov nws yuav siv los ua ib cubic meter ntawm cov qhob ntub:
- 40 kg hnab: 56 hnab ua 1 cubic meter
- 32 kg hnab: 71 "" "1 cubic meter
- 26 kg hnab: 86 "" "1 cubic meter
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb koj txoj haujlwm ua vaj tsev kom sib txawv hauv cov duab plaub
Piv rau lwm yam 3-D duab, ib lub duab plaub fab prism lub ntim yog qhov yooj yim los suav, yog li, yog tias ua tau, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los txhawm rau koj txoj haujlwm tag nrho mus rau hauv ib lossis ntau qhov sib npaug. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj qhov phiaj xwm hu rau koj kom nchuav ib lub voos plaub fab rau ntawm qib, qhov slab yuav yog koj qhov prism nkaus xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj xav tau ncuav cov nplais nrog rau 4 phab ntsa ncaj, txhua lub phab ntsa yuav yog nws tus kheej prism, ua rau tag nrho ntawm 5 prism.
Ib daim duab plaub fab yog ib daim duab peb sab uas muaj rau lub ntsej muag, txhua yam yog duab plaub; cov ntsej muag sib txawv nyob rau hauv ib lub duab plaub prism yog sib luag rau ib leeg. Nyob rau hauv tus neeg hais lus, ib lub duab plaub plaub tuaj yeem xav txog qhov zoo li "boxy" zoo nrog cov npoo ncaj
Kauj Ruam 3. Xam qhov ntim ntawm txhua qhov prism
Ib lub duab plaub fab prism lub ntim tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev sib tw nws ntev lub sij hawm nws dav lub sij hawm nws qhov siab.
Piv txwv li, hauv ob peb kauj ruam tom ntej no, cia peb xav tias peb tab tom nchuav lub lauj kaub uas yog 10 feet (3.05 m) ntev, 12 feet dav (3.66 m), thiab 4 ntiv tes (10.16 cm) tob.
Kauj Ruam 4. Hloov tag nrho cov ntsuas mus rau tib chav
Peb qhov slab qhov ntev thiab dav tau muab rau hauv ko taw thiab meters, tab sis nws qhov siab tau muab hauv nti thiab centimeters. Rau peb cov ntim sib npaug kom ua haujlwm, txhua qhov kev ntsuas yuav tsum nyob hauv tib chav, yog li peb yuav tsum hloov pauv. Txij li muaj 12 ntiv tes rau ib txhais taw, peb yuav tsum faib peb tus nqi ntiv tes los ntawm 12 kom tau txais tus nqi rau taw. Slab yog 4 /12 = 0.33ft ib tob.
Txhawm rau hloov los ntawm centimeters mus rau metres, tsuas yog faib ib centimeter tus nqi los ntawm 100. Ib qho slab uas yog 10.16 cm tob yog 10.16 / 100 = 0.10 m os tob. Txhawm rau hloov rov qab mus rau centimeters, suav nrog 100.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nrhiav qhov ntim ntawm prism siv cov qauv:
Ntim = Ntev * Dav * Qhov siab. Sib npaug 3 qhov ntev ua ke kom txog rau qhov prism ntim. Hauv peb qhov piv txwv, slab ntim yog 10 ft × 12 ft × 0.33 ft = 39.6 kub.
Txhawm rau nrhiav qhov ntsuas sib npaug, peb siv peb lub ntsuas ntsuas tsis siv peb ntsuas ntsuas taw. 3.05 m × 3.66 m × 0.10 m = 1,12 kub.
Kauj Ruam 6. Hloov qhov ntim mus rau hauv cubic yards lossis cubic metres raws li xav tau
Cov pob zeb ntim ntim saum toj no tau hais txog 39.6 cubic feet, tab sis, hmoov tsis, pob zeb feem ntau ntsuas hauv cubic yards. Muaj 27 cubic feet hauv ib cubic yard, yog li, txhawm rau hloov pauv mus rau cubic yards, peb tuaj yeem faib los ntawm peb cov cubic feet tus nqi los ntawm 27. Cov slab ntim yog 39.6 / 27 = 1.47 kub. Xwb, txij li muaj peb ko taw hauv ib lub tiaj, koj tuaj yeem faib txhua tus neeg ntsuas ko taw los ntawm 3 kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig hauv vaj hauv tsev thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov no ua ke kom tau txais cov lus teb zoo ib yam.
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Cov qhob kuj tseem ntsuas ntau zaus hauv cubic meters. Hauv peb qhov teeb meem piv txwv, peb twb pom tus nqi no lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov xwm txheej uas koj xav tau hloov pauv ntawm cubic yards thiab cubic meters, paub tias:
- 1 cubic yard = 0.764554858 cubic meters
- 1 cubic meter = 1.30795062 cubic yards
Kauj Ruam 7. Nrhiav cov prism ntim ntxiv raws li saud
Yog tias koj muaj ntau dua ib qho prism hauv koj cov qhob ncuav, xam txhua tus ntim ib tus zuj zus siv cov txheej txheem saum toj no. Thaum kawg, ntxiv tag nrho cov ntawv ua ke kom tuaj txog ntawm koj qhov ntim tag nrho rau koj qhov haujlwm. Ceev faj tias tsis muaj ib qho ntawm koj qhov prism sib tshooj, lossis koj yuav suav nrog qee qhov ntawm cov pob zeb ua ob zaug, uas tuaj yeem ua rau koj yuav ntau dua qhov koj xav tau.
Kauj Ruam 8. Xam qhov ntim ntawm ib daim ntawv tsis xwm yeem
Tsis yog txhua txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm tau yooj yim tuaj yeem faib ua plaub fab. Yog tias koj muaj kev nthuav dav hauv koj qhov kev tsim ua vaj tsev, piv txwv li, koj tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees kwv yees nws cov duab siv cov duab plaub. Txhawm rau nrhiav qhov ntim ntawm daim ntawv tsis xwm yeem, xub xub pom thaj tsam ntawm ntu ntu ntawm daim ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, sib npaug thaj tsam ntawd lub sijhawm ntev ntawm daim ntawv. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov kis tau tus mob yog 3 yards (2.74 m) ntev thiab muaj thaj tsam hla ntawm 0.25 square yards (0.21 square metres), tom qab ntawd ntim yog 3 × 0.25 = 0.75 cubic yards (lossis 2.74 × 0.21 = 0.58) kub).
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Ib qho ntxiv, qee qhov uas tsis yog cov duab plaub muaj cov sib npaug yooj yim los nrhiav lawv ntim. Hauv qab no yog ob peb yam uas nquag siv tshaj plaws:
- Lub tog raj kheej: Ntim = (Pi) r2 × h, qhov twg "r" yog lub vojvoog ntawm lub voj voog ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub tog raj kheej thiab "h" yog qhov siab ntawm lub tog raj kheej.
- Triangular Prisms: Ntim = 1/2bh1 × l, qhov twg "b" yog qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ib ntawm peb lub ntsej muag, "h1"yog nws qhov siab, thiab" l "yog qhov ntev ntawm prism.
- Spheres: Volume = (4/3) (Pi) r3, qhov twg "r" yog lub vojvoog ntawm lub voj voog uas sawv cev rau tus kheej puag ncig. Thaum nws tsis zoo li koj yuav tsum tau nchuav lub ntiaj teb zoo meej, nco ntsoov tias ntau lub ntsej muag zoo li lub ntsej muag tsuas yog txiav hauv ib nrab.
Kauj Ruam 9. Yuav me ntsis pob zeb ntau dua qhov koj xav tau
Ib txoj cai zoo ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo yog ntxiv 5 txog 10 feem pua rau koj lub ntim ntim rau hauv tus account kom txeej, pov tseg, lossis dhau kev khawb av. Vim tias koj tsis tuaj yeem xav tias yuav siv koj cov pob zeb nrog 100 feem pua ua tau zoo, nco ntsoov xaj ntau dua qhov koj xav tau tiag tiag. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tau xam tag nrho ntim ntawm 20 cubic yards (15.3 cubic meters), ces koj yuav tsum xaj 1.05 × 20 = 21 cubic yards (lossis 1.05 × 15.3 = 16.1 cubic meters).
Yog tias koj tab tom nchuav cov hlau txuas ntxiv, cov hlau txhawb nqa yuav tshem qee qhov ntawm koj cov pob zeb ntim. Feem ntau, koj tsis tas yuav xav txog qhov no hauv koj qhov kev suav. Qhov no yuav khaws koj cov nuj nqis ntawm kev saib xyuas
Kauj Ruam 10. Hloov koj lub ntim ntim rau qhov hnyav, yog tias tsim nyog
Cov tsheb sib xyaw ua ke tau muag los ntawm ntim, tab sis cov hnab ntim cov pob zeb sib xyaw tau muag hauv cov khw muag khoom tsim los ntawm qhov hnyav. Feem ntau, sib tov qhuav yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hnab qhia qhov hnyav "ntub" lossis ntim txhua lub hnab tsim tawm. Pob zeb hnyav kwv yees li 4000 phaus toj ib lub tiaj nyom (2400 kg ib cubic meter). Yog li, yog tias koj xav tau 2 cubic yards (1.53 cubic meters) ntawm cov qhob, tom qab ntawd koj xav tau (2 * 4000) lossis 8000 phaus, lossis (1.53 * 2400) lossis 3672 kg ntawm qhob. Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, kev yuav ntau cov qhob sib tov sib xyaw ntau dua li qhov xav tau feem ntau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau dua li yuav cov pob zeb sib xyaw tsawg dua li qhov xav tau - tsis siv sib xyaw tuaj yeem siv tau yav tom ntej.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Txoj Kev Ceev rau Kev Txiav Txim Siab
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj cov qhob ncuav yog ib lub duab plaub
Cov neeg cog lus tau tsim cov txheej txheem nrawm, yooj yim ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntau npaum li cas cov vaj tsev xav tau rau qhov muab rau. Txoj kev no tsis xav kom koj siv ib qho ntim sib npaug - txawm li cas los xij, muaj ob txoj cai rau nws siv. Ua ntej, nws tsuas yog ua haujlwm rau cov duab plaub fab (qhov yooj yim "lub thawv-zoo li" ncuav). Txoj hauv kev no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws rau qhov ntiav ntiav ntiav, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm ua tau rau txhua daim duab plaub. Qhov thib ob, nws xav kom koj ncuav thaj tsam qhov ntev, thiab ntsuas qhov dav yog hauv ko taw thiab nws qhov kev ntsuas tob yog hauv ntiv tes. Txhawm rau hloov ib qho ntawm koj qhov kev ntsuas mus rau taw, siv qhov hloov pauv hauv qab no:
- 1 yard = 3 fij
- 12 ntiv = 1 ko taw
- 1 meter = 3.28 ko taw
- 30.48 centimeters = 1 ko taw
Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav cov square footage ntawm thaj chaw koj tab tom nchuav
Square footage (sau "sq. Ft" lossis ft2) yog ntsuas ntawm thaj tsam 2-seem feem ntau siv los piav qhia txog thaj chaw hauv pem teb. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab koj txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm square footage, tsuas yog suav qhov ntev thiab dav ntawm thaj chaw koj tab tom nchuav rau yam tsis suav nrog nws qhov tob.
- Piv txwv li, cia peb hais tias peb tab tom nchuav rau hauv cov duab plaub uas yog 10 ft dav, 5 taw ntev, thiab 6 ntiv tes (0.5 taw) tob. Nws cov square footage yuav yog 10 × 5 = 50 sq. Peb tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog nws qhov tob.
- Nco ntsoov, txoj hauv kev no tsuas yog ua haujlwm rau cov duab plaub. Hauv lwm lo lus, koj thaj chaw hliv yuav tsum muaj cov npoo ncaj ncaj.
Kauj Ruam 3. Faib koj cov duab square los ntawm cov lej sib npaug
Tam sim no koj tau pom koj cov duab square, txhua yam koj yuav tsum tau ua txhawm rau nrhiav koj qhov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm phiaj xwm phiaj xwm yog faib cov duab square los ntawm qee tus lej - tuab koj txoj haujlwm, tus lej me dua; thinner koj qhov project, qhov loj dua tus lej. Hauv qab no yog coefficients rau ob peb qho tuab tuab. Yog tias koj txoj haujlwm tuab tsis tau teev tseg hauv qab no, tsis txhob txhawj xeeb - koj yuav kawm paub yuav txheeb xyuas koj li cas yooj yim hauv cov kauj ruam tom ntej.
- Yog tias koj txoj haujlwm yog 4 ntiv tuab, faib koj cov duab square los ntawm 81 txhawm rau txiav txim siab koj lub vaj.
- Yog tias koj qhov project tuab 6 ntiv tes, "" "" "54.
- Yog tias koj qhov phiaj xwm yog 8 ntiv tuab, "" "" "40.
- Yog tias koj txoj haujlwm yog 12 ntiv tes (1 ko taw) tuab, "" "" "27.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txiav txim qhov sib txawv coefficients manually
Yog tias qhov tuab ntawm koj cov qhob ncuav tsis sib xws nrog ib qho piv txwv saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem suav nws sai los ntawm kev faib 324 los ntawm qhov tuab ntawm koj qhov kev ua vaj tse (hauv nti). Tom qab ntawd, faib koj cov duab square los ntawm koj cov lus teb kom pom koj qhov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm.
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Piv txwv, cia peb hais peb 50 sq. Ft qhob ncuav yog 7 ntiv tob. Peb yuav pom peb cov vaj tsev zoo li hauv qab no:
- 324/7 = 46.28
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50/46.28 = 1.08 kub.
