Paub paub txheeb xyuas ntau yam hlau tuaj yeem pab tau yog tias koj ua haujlwm hauv chaw tshawb fawb lossis chaw tsim khoom, lossis yog tias koj tsuas yog xav paub txog lub ntiaj teb ntuj. Thaum sim txheeb xyuas cov qauv ntawm cov hlau tsis paub, thawj qhov koj yuav tsum tau ua tas li yog tuav cov hlau nplaum mus rau nws. Yog tias muaj kev nyiam, feem ntau nws yog hlau, hlau, lossis lwm hom hlau hlau. Thaum koj tau ua tiav qhov ntawd, koj tuaj yeem pib ua qhov kev sim yooj yim kom nqaim cov khoom ntawm cov hlau tshwj xeeb.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Xeem Cov Hlau Ntau Yam Khoom
Kauj Ruam 1. Kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm koj tus qauv los txiav txim seb nws puas yog hlau
Hauv qee kis, nws tuaj yeem yooj yim yuam kev cov hlau tsis yog hlau rau cov hlau. Nco ntsoov tias cov hlau feem ntau muaj zog, ntom, thiab yoog raws, thiab feem ntau muaj qee qhov ci lossis ci. Ntawm qhov sib txawv, cov zaub mov tsis yog hlau zoo li yuav hnyav thiab nkig, nrog cov xim daj lossis ua tiav.
- Sim tapping koj tus qauv ob peb zaug nrog rauj. Cov hlau tsis yog hlau yog yooj yim tawg, thaum cov hlau yuav tuav kom rov ntaus dua.
- Ib qho ntxiv, cov hlau tsis yog hlau yog cov insulators ntau dua li cov neeg ua haujlwm, txhais tau tias lawv tsis hloov cua sov lossis hluav taws xob zoo. Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim los ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntxhia yog los ntawm kev ua nws ib feem ntawm Circuit nrog cov roj teeb pob ntawm ib kawg thiab lub tswb hluav taws xob lossis lub teeb ntawm lwm qhov. Yog tias koj tus qauv yog hlau, hluav taws xob yuav hla nws thiab qhib lub tswb lossis teeb.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tuav tus hlau nplaum mus rau cov hlau kom pom tias nws yog hlau lossis tsis yog hlau
Yog tias koj xav tias muaj kev nyiam, cov hlau uas koj tab tom sim txheeb xyuas yog feem ntau yuav muaj hlau. Feem ntau hais lus, ferrous hlau yog sib nqus, thaum cov hlau tsis yog hlau tsis yog hlau nplaum.
- Cov hlau uas muaj hlau yog cov uas muaj hlau, suav nrog cov hlau nyoos, carbon hlau, npib tsib xee ntshiab, thiab ntau yam hlau sib xyaw.
- Feem ntau cov hlau tsis yog hlau, suav nrog txhuas, txhuas, npib tsib xee, tooj liab, tooj dag, titanium, thiab zinc.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua ib feem ntawm cov hlau txhawm rau ntsuas nws qhov hnyav
Khiav cov ntaub ntawv carbon hlau hla ib qho tsis tseem ceeb ntawm koj tus qauv. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv xaub yooj yim hla ntawm cov hlau, nws txhais tau tias nws nyuaj heev rau cov ntawv kom tawm ntawm lub cim. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tom rau hauv cov hlau lossis txiav tawm cov khoom me me, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau nws yuav yog hom softer, xws li tooj liab lossis txhuas.
- Qee cov hlau, zoo li txhuas, txhuas, magnesium, thiab hlau alkali, yog mos heev uas koj tuaj yeem txiav lawv nrog rab riam.
- Nws tuaj yeem nyuaj rau tawm ntau npaum li khawb ntawm cov hlau nyuaj xws li hlau, hlau tsis muaj hlau, titanium, thiab ntau yam sib xyaw.
Tswv yim:
Kev sau cov qauv hlau kuj tseem tuaj yeem qhia pom tias nws yog tib yam khoom txhua txoj hauv kev los lossis nws tau pleev xim nrog lwm cov hlau sab nrauv.
Kauj Ruam 4. Xav txog qhov hnyav sib txawv ntawm cov hlau zoo ib yam
Yog tias koj muaj ob lossis ntau tus qauv tsis paub tseeb hlau uas koj tsis tuaj yeem qhia sib nrug, khaws lawv thiab sib piv seb lawv xav li cas hauv koj txhais tes. Piv txwv li, Cov hlau lead yuav hnyav dua li hlau, thiab cov hlau tsis muaj steel yuav muaj qhov hnyav ntau dua li tin lossis txhuas.
Txhawm rau kom sib piv qhov hnyav ntawm koj cov qauv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lawv yuav tsum nyob ze qhov loj me
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Kev Xeem Tshwj Xeeb Tshwj Xeeb
Kauj Ruam 1. Khiav Rockwell Hardness Test txhawm rau nrhiav cov hlau qhov nyuaj
Rockwell Hardness Test yog qhov kev tshawb fawb tshaj plaws thiab zoo ib yam txhais tau tias ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm cov hlau muab. Txhawm rau ua qhov kev ntsuas no, thauj koj cov qauv mus rau hauv Rockwell Hardness Test tshuab, uas yuav ua rau ob qho kev nkag mus rau hauv tib lub xaib nrog cov qauv saum npoo siv qhov ntsuas siab. Cov hlau softer, qhov tob dua qhov indentation zaum kawg yuav yog.
- Thaum qhov kev xeem tiav, lub tshuab yuav cia li tsim tus lej Rockwell Hardness Rating rau koj tus qauv. Sib piv tus lej no rau daim ntawv teev cov kev ntsuas ntawm ntau yam hlau los txiav txim seb hom hlau twg koj cov qauv feem ntau yuav yog. Qhov ntsuas ntawm 20-25 ntawm "B" nplai, piv txwv li, sib xws rau txhuas.
- Kuj tseem muaj lwm hom kev ntsuas tawv hu ua Brinell Hardness Test. Qhov kev hloov pauv no siv cov ntawv ntsuas hlau sib npaug es tsis yog qhov ntse, tab sis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus zoo ib yam.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob yog tias koj yog tus kws tshaj lij lossis cov kws tshaj lij
Tuav ib qho seem ntawm cov hlau tawm tsam lub tshuab sib tsoo uas muaj lub zog txaus los tsim cov kwj deg kom khov. Thaum cov txim taws tau ntws los, tshuaj xyuas lawv qhov ntev, cov duab, thiab xim kom txiav txim siab txog hom hlau uas tsim los rau lawv.
- Piv txwv li cov hlau ua kom tawg, muaj qhov ntev, ncaj ncaj thiab hlawv lub teeb daj-dawb, thaum lub txim taws los ntawm cov pa roj carbon siab yog dawb huv thiab tsim cov qauv tsis zoo. Lwm cov hlau uas tuaj yeem siv tau muaj lawv tus kheej cov cim tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem pab hauv lawv tus kheej.
- Yog tias koj tau nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej tsim nyog thiab kev paub ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau sib txawv, qhov ntsuas nrawm tuaj yeem qhia koj yuav luag txhua yam koj xav paub txog cov khoom koj muaj ntawm koj txhais tes.
- Ua ntej koj pib sib tsoo koj cov hlau ntsuas, rub ob daim tuab, cov hnab looj tes ruaj ruaj ruaj ruaj thiab qee lub iav tsom iav kom tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm kev ya mus.
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv nitric acid los ntsuas seb puas kub lossis nyiaj tiag
Sau ib lub qhov muag nrog me me ntawm cov nitric acid ntshiab. Tom qab ntawd, sau me me, tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm koj cov hlau, thov 1-2 tee kua qaub, thiab tos ob peb feeb. Cov kub kub tiag tiag yuav tsis hnov mob rau cov kua qaub, thaum cov nyiaj tiag yuav tig mus ua creamy dawb qhov twg nws ua kev sib cuag. Yog tias thaj chaw raug hloov ntsuab lossis lwm xim, feem ntau yuav yog hom hlau sib txawv.
- Koj tuaj yeem yuav nitric acid online los ntawm cov khw muag khoom kuaj uas nqa cov tshuaj tshuaj.
- Nco ntsoov: tsis yog txhua qhov glitters yog kub. Cov hlau uas zoo li kub tuaj yeem yooj yim yog tooj dag, pyrite (cov ntxhia qee zaum hu ua "neeg dag dag" rau nws zoo li cov hlau), lossis qee yam sib xyaw ua ke.
- Nyiaj kuj ua rau tsis zoo thaum raug rau cov ntsiab lus, ua tiav qhov zoo ib yam li patina uas ua rau ntawm tooj dag.
Ceeb toom:
Nitric acid yog me ntsis xeb, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau khaus yog tias nws kov koj cov tawv nqaij. Nco ntsoov hnav hnab looj tes thiab tsom iav kev nyab xeeb, thiab teeb tsa koj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw muaj cua nkag tau zoo.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Txheeb Xyuas Cov Hlau Zoo Li Cas
Kauj Ruam 1. Nco ntsoov cov xim grey sib sib zog nqus hlau
Hlau, cov hlau tsis muaj zog, zoo li muaj qhov nruab nrab lossis tsaus xim tsaus nti thoob plaws. Cov hlau ntshiab thiab ua kom tsawg yuav zoo li qias neeg los yog ua kom pom cov xim av.
- Feem ntau ntawm cov hlau nthuav tawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse, cov qauv siv lead ua thaum foob lossis tawg. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj cov qauv tsis tau ua tiav lossis sib xyaw nrog lwm cov hlau.
- Cov khoom xws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov cuab yeej, cov tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab cov rooj tog qub thiab cov khoom siv qub qub feem ntau muaj qee feem pua ntawm cov hlau.
- Cov hlau cam khwb cia muaj Rockwell Hardness Rating ntawm 86.
Kauj Ruam 2. Saib cov yam ntxwv ci ci ntawm cov hlau tsis huv
Tsis zoo li cov hlau uas tsis tau ua tiav, cov hlau tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb rau nws qhov ci, daj ntseg-xim xim uas ci hauv lub teeb. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem xav txog me ntsis, nyob ntawm seb nws tau kho li cas. Cov hlau tsis muaj hlau yuav luag ib txwm muaj cov xim qub qub qub, txawm tias muaj ntau yam sib txawv.
- Yog tias koj muaj cov hlau tsis muaj hlau nrog cov xim daj, muaj lub sijhawm zoo uas nws yog tin lossis txhuas.
- Cov hlau tsis huv feem ntau siv rau hauv chav ua noj, tais diav, khoom siv hauv tsev, khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab ntim khoom ntim.
- Stainless hlau muaj Rockwell Hardness Rating ntawm 88.
Kauj Ruam 3. Them xim rau xim liab uas tuaj yeem hais qhia tooj liab
Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem paub tooj liab los ntawm nws qhov xim liab-txiv kab ntxwv, uas tuaj yeem tshwm xim av ntau dua yog tias koj cov qauv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qub. Nws yog tib cov hlau uas tau siv los tsho sab nrauv ntawm Asmeskas npib.
- Yog tias koj tseem tsis paub tseeb tias cov hlau uas koj muaj yog tooj liab, tso rau sab nraum ob peb hnub. Tooj liab hloov ntsuab thaum nws oxidizes.
- Ua tsaug rau nws qhov kev coj ua tshwj xeeb, tooj liab yog cov hlau rau cov tuam txhab tsim cov kav dej, cov xov hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv vov tsev, thiab cov khoom siv sab hauv rau khoos phis tawj thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Tooj liab muaj qhov ntsuas Rockwell Hardness ntawm 10.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb xyuas qhov xim daj kom txawv qhov tooj dag thiab tooj liab los ntawm tooj liab
Yog tias koj cov hlau daj ntau dua li liab lossis txiv kab ntxwv, nws muaj peev xwm tias nws yog tooj dag lossis tooj liab. Ob qho ntawm cov hlau no yog tooj liab tooj liab, uas txhais tau tias lawv zoo ib yam li tooj liab. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv feem ntau muaj cov xim kub lossis quav nyab ntau dua.
- Cov tooj liab feem ntau tsaus dua me ntsis tooj dag, vim nws muaj cov tooj liab ntau dua.
- Cov tooj dag thiab tooj dag tau siv txhua hnub los ua tej yam xws li cov twj paj nruas, cov yeeb nkab txuas, thiab ntau qhov sib txawv.
- Cov tooj dag ib txwm muaj Rockwell Hardness Rating qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm 55 thiab 65, thaum HRC ntawm tooj liab tuaj yeem nyob ntawm 42 txog 78.
Tswv yim:
Raws li lub hnub nyoog tooj liab, nws txhim kho patina, lossis ntau yam xim zoo li zaj duab xis uas tau tsim thaum cov hlau cuam tshuam nrog huab cua. Lub xub ntiag ntawm patina yog cov lus qhia tawm uas koj tau txais cov tooj dag tiag tiag uas tsis yog tooj liab lossis tooj dag.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ib leeg tawm cov hmoov txhuas los ntawm nws cov xim txho txho, hnyav, thiab muag muag
Cov hlau lead zoo li nyiaj ntau, tsuas yog ua kom tsaus ntuj thiab nrog qhov tsis zoo, ntxuav tawm. Nws kuj hnyav heev rau nws qhov loj me, thiab yog mos txaus los rub tawm ntawm lwm yam khoom. Sim rub tus ntug ntawm koj cov hlau tawm tsam ib daim ntawv. Yog tias nws tawm ntawm txoj kab, nws yuav yog txhuas.
- Ib txoj hauv kev kom paub tseeb seb puas tau muab cov hlau yog hlau lead yog txhawm rau ntsuas ib qho piv txwv me me uas siv cov khoom siv coj mus kuaj, uas koj tuaj yeem khaws tau ntawm koj lub khw muag khoom kho vajtse hauv ib cheeb tsam. Ua raws li cov lus qhia ua tib zoo-cov khoom siv feem ntau tso tawm xim liab lossis xim liab thaum kuaj pom tias muaj txhuas.
- Nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los hnav hnab looj tes txhua lub sijhawm koj tab tom tuav cov hlau uas koj xav tias yuav yog cov hlau lead, vim cov hlau muaj tshuaj lom heev.
- Txawm tias tsis zoo ib yam li nws tau siv los, cov hlau lead tseem tuaj yeem pom hauv qee yam khoom lag luam, xws li kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, roj teeb hauv lub tsheb, thiab tsis hnov suab. Yav dhau los, nws yog cov khoom muaj npe nyob hauv txhua yam los ntawm cov xim tha xim sab hauv rau menyuam yaus cov khoom ua si.
- Cov hlau lead muaj qhov ntsuas Rockwell Hardness ntawm 5, qis tshaj ntawm txhua yam hlau.
Kauj Ruam 6. Kawm kom paub txog txhuas los ntawm nws cov xim daj thiab lub cev hnyav
Aluminium feem ntau yog xim daj heev, tsis muaj lub ci ci ntawm cov nyiaj lossis qhov tsis meej ntawm cov hlau lead. Txij li nws tuaj yeem nyuaj rau qhov txawv ntawm nws los ntawm lwm cov hlau nyiaj, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov hnyav tuaj yeem ua ke. Aluminium yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau uas hnyav tshaj plaws uas muaj-tej daim me me yuav hnov zoo li tsis hnyav hauv koj txhais tes.
- Aluminium kuj tseem tsis yog hlau, uas txhais tau tias cov hlau nplaum yuav tsis lo rau nws.
- Lwm cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm aluminium yog tias nws tsis xeb. Yog tias txhua yam ua tsis tiav, tawm koj cov hlau tawm sab nraum ob peb hnub lossis ntau lub lis piam. Thaum koj rov qab los sau nws, nrhiav cov cim liab lossis xim av uas tuaj yeem taw rau oxidation.
- Cov ntawv xa ntawv, cov ntaiv, cov thoob khib nyiab, hlau fencing, thav duab thav duab, cov khoom siv, thiab cov hubcap yog txhua yam ua los ntawm txhuas, uas yog lub teeb thiab tuav nws cov duab zoo thaum tuaj pwm.
- Aluminium muaj qhov sib txawv Rockwell Hardness Rating ntawm 20-40, nyob ntawm seb nws tau ua tiav li cas thiab seb nws tau ua ke nrog lwm cov hlau.
Kauj Ruam 7. Txheeb xyuas titanium los ntawm kev sib piv nws rau lwm yam xim hlau xim
Titanium yog qhov tsaus dua li txhuas, tab sis sib dua thiab ci dua li txhuas. Zoo li feem ntau cov hlau, nws tsis yog hlau, yog li nws yuav tsis muaj kev nyiam rau txawm tias cov hlau nplaum muaj zog tshaj plaws. Thiab, txij li nws nyuaj heev, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem kos nws nrog cov ntawv.
- Txheeb xyuas koj cov hlau kom ze rau cov qhab nia qib. Cov khoom seem ntawm cov txheej txheem titanium tuaj yeem raug thwj nrog cov hlua ntawm cov lej thiab cov ntawv qhia tias lawv muaj pes tsawg pes tsawg.
- Titanium tau txais txiaj ntsig rau nws lub zog siab-rau-qhov hnyav sib piv, uas ua rau nws zoo tshaj ntxiv rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov khoom siv hauv dav hlau, cov pab pawg ntaus golf, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, tsom iav qhov muag, thiab txawm tias yog pob txha thiab pob hauv caug sib koom.
- Titanium muaj Rockwell Hardness Rating ntawm 80, tuaj tom qab cam khwb cia hlau thiab stainless hlau.
Lub tswv yim
Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog coj cov hlau uas koj ntseeg tias yuav yog kub lossis nyiaj rau tus kws tshaj lij kom lawv tau ntsuas. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tuaj yeem ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb los txiav txim qhov tseeb ntawm cov hlau muaj nqis
Lus ceeb toom
- Tsis yog txhua yam hlau hlau yog sib nqus-piv txwv li, tsuas muaj ib hom hlau tsis muaj hlau uas ua rau muaj kev nyiam. Vim li no, kev ntsuas hlau nplaum ib leeg tsis txaus los lees paub tias cov hlau muab los yog cov hlau tsis zoo hauv 100% ntawm cov xwm txheej.
- Hmoov tsis zoo, nws feem ntau nyuaj lossis tsis yooj yim los txiav txim siab txheeb xyuas cov hlau muab yam tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas tshwj xeeb. Kev twv lub npas yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem cia siab rau qee qhov.
