Txhua lub hnub qub sib txawv. Qee qhov loj, qee qhov me, qee qhov kub, qee qhov txias. Lawv tuaj yeem yog xiav lossis daj lossis liab. Kev faib tawm hnub qub tso cai rau koj piav qhia lub hnub qub hauv cov lus yooj yim.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 5: Kub
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim lub hnub qub xim
Xim ua haujlwm raws li phau ntawv qhia ntxaws rau qhov kub thiab txias. Tam sim no, muaj kaum xim, txhua qhov nrog qhov ntsuas kub sib xws. Cov hnub qub hauv chav kawm yog xiav/UV. B chav kawm yog xiav-dawb, Chav kawm dawb, F daj-dawb, G daj, K txiv kab ntxwv thiab M liab. Lwm peb chav kawm yog infrared. L chav kawm pom liab tob heev hauv qhov pom kev. Lawv cov spectra qhia cov hlau alkali thiab hlau hydrides. T chav yog txias dua L chav kawm. Lawv cov spectra qhia methane. Y chav kawm yog qhov txias tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov, thiab tsuas yog siv rau cov ntsias daj. Lawv cov spectra txawv rau T thiab L chav kawm, tab sis tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus tseeb.
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab tus lej tom qab tsab ntawv los qhia kom paub meej qhov kub thiab txias
Hauv txhua qhov xim, muaj kaum qhov ntsuas kub, 0-9, nrog 0 yog qhov kub tshaj. Yog li, A0 kub dua A5, uas kub dua A9, uas kub dua F0 (ua piv txwv)
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 5: Qhov Loj
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim seb lub hnub qub loj npaum cas
Tus lej roman, qhia txog lub hnub qub loj npaum li cas, tau ntxiv tom qab qhov ntsuas kub. 0 lossis Ia+ qhia txog lub hnub qub hypergiant. Ia, Iab thiab Ib sawv cev rau supergiants (ci, nruab nrab, dim). II yog cov loj loj ci ntsa iab, III loj heev, IV sub-giants, V lub hnub qub ua ntu zus (ib feem ntawm lub hnub qub lub neej uas nws siv sijhawm ntau dhau mus) thiab VI yog cov neeg ntsiag to. Cov ntawv ua ntej ntawm D qhia txog lub hnub qub ntsaum dawb. Piv txwv: DA7 (ntsias dawb), F5Ia+ (daj hypergiant), G2V (lub hnub qub tseem ceeb ua ntu zus daj). Lub hnub yog G2V.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 5: Kev Ntsuas Kub thiab Qhov Loj
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv lub prism los faib lub hnub qub lub teeb
Qhov no yuav muab rau koj ntau yam xim, hu ua spectrum, zoo li qhov koj tau txais thaum koj teeb lub teeb los ntawm prism. Lub hnub qub ntawm lub hnub qub yuav tsum muaj kab tsaus rau nws. Cov no yog cov kab nqus dej.
Kauj Ruam 2. Sib piv lub hnub qub lub spectrum rau cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg
Lub hauv paus keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb astronomical zoo yuav tsum muab lub ntsej muag zoo rau txhua lub hnub qub. Qhov no yog vim li cas hom yog, qee zaum hu ua chav kawm spectral.
Txoj Kev 4 ntawm 5: Nws yog xim hlau
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim qhov feem ntawm cov hlau (cov ntsiab lus uas tsis yog hydrogen thiab helium) hauv lub hnub qub
Cov hnub qub nrog ntau dua 1% hlau yog suav tias yog cov nplua nuj hlau, thiab yog ib feem ntawm qee yam hu ua Population I. Cov hnub qub Pej Xeem II tau tsim ua ntej hauv lub ntiaj teb, thaum cov hlau tsawg tau tsim.
Kauj Ruam 2. Khaws koj lub qhov muag qhib rau cov hnub qub uas tsis muaj hlau
Cov hnub qub no (Pej Xeem III) yuav tsum tau yug los tom qab Big Bang, thaum cov khoom tsuas yog hydrogen thiab helium, thiab hlau tsis muaj nyob. Raws li tseem tsis tau paub, cov hnub qub no tsuas yog kev xav, tab sis tib neeg tab tom nrhiav nyuaj rau lawv.
Txoj Kev 5 ntawm 5: Hloov pauv
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim seb lub hnub qub puas hloov pauv
Tsis yog txhua lub hnub qub yog, tab sis qee qhov yog, thiab tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txiav txim siab yog tias nws yog eclipsing binary
Eclipsing binaries, zoo li Algol hauv Perseus, yog ob lub hnub qub ncig ib leeg.
Kauj Ruam 3. Txiav txim siab qhov dav thiab lub sijhawm ntawm qhov sib txawv
Sib piv cov no rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm paub hom sib txawv los txiav txim siab hom kev hloov pauv hnub qub. Piv txwv li, Cepheid qhov hloov pauv muaj lub sijhawm hnub mus rau lub hlis thiab qhov ntau ntxiv txog 2 qhov ntau, thaum Delta Scuti cov kev hloov pauv muaj lub sijhawm tsawg dua 8 teev, thiab qhov ntau dua tsawg dua 0.9 qhov ntau.
