Cov menyuam feem ntau kawm nyeem pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5 lossis 6. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, qhov no feem ntau yuav nyob ib puag ncig thawj qib. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los qhia kev nyeem ntawv rau menyuam yaus, kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev qhia phonics yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws kom ntseeg tau tias koj tuaj yeem pab txhua tus menyuam hauv koj chav kawm kom nyeem tau zoo. Ua cov kauj ruam los qhia menyuam li cas yuav tsum tshaj tawm txhua tsab ntawv ua ntej hloov mus rau cov lus luv thiab lo lus tsev neeg. Txhawb cov tsev neeg kom koom nrog lawv tus menyuam txoj kev kawm, thiab ua kev kawm lom zem rau menyuam.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Qhia Los Ntawm Phonics
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhia cov menyuam txog cov ntawv
Yog tias koj cov tub ntxhais kawm tseem tsis tau paub cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm tus niam ntawv ces koj yuav tsum siv sijhawm los pab lawv kom kawm paub txhua tus tsiaj ntawv.
- Siv sijhawm los pab lawv nco lub npe ntawm txhua tsab ntawv.
- Ntsuas lawv qhov kev paub los ntawm kev qhia lawv daim duab ntawm tsab ntawv uas tsis muaj duab cuam tshuam nrog nws. Thaum lawv muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas txhua tsab ntawv yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau kev qhia suab.
Kauj Ruam 2. Qhia me nyuam lub suab uas txhua tsab ntawv ua
Cov menyuam yuav tsum tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov tsiaj ntawv ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem kawm paub lub suab, tab sis thaum lawv paub lawv cov ntawv nws tseem ceeb dua uas lawv nkag siab lub suab ntawm txhua tsab ntawv.
- Pib nrog kev qhia lub suab ntawm txhua tus ntawv sib txuas.
- Qhia cov suab sib xyaw (piv txwv li "br," "cr," "fr," "gr," thiab lwm yam)
- Qhia vowel suab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pib nrog lub suab vowel luv (piv txwv li "ah" suab zoo li hauv "apple," "eh" suab zoo li "ntxhw," "ih" suab zoo li hauv "igloo," luv "o" suab zoo li "octopus," thiab "uh" suab zoo li hauv "lub kaus." Thaum cov menyuam pib nyeem ntawv thiab hla lub vowel uas muaj lub suab ntev (piv txwv li "u" suab hauv "ntug"). Txoj hauv kev zoo ntawm kev piav qhia qhov no yog hais tias, "Hauv qhov no, lub vowel hais nws lub npe thaum nws hais tawm."
- Koj tuaj yeem sim lawv qhov kev paub ntawm txhua tus tsiaj ntawv zoo los ntawm kev qhia lawv daim duab ntawm tsab ntawv (tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm nplooj ntawv) thiab thov kom lawv qhia koj lub suab zoo li cas hauv tsab ntawv (tsis yog lub npe, tsuas yog lub suab). Ua qee cov flashcards los siv rau qhov haujlwm no.
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv sijhawm nrog txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm
Thaum pib, nws yog lub tswv yim zoo los ntsuas seb txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem hnov lub suab ntawm txhua tsab ntawv. Qee tus menyuam muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj sib txawv ntawm cov xov tooj ntau dua li lwm tus tub ntxhais kawm. Nco tseg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas zoo li nyuaj thiab sim siv sijhawm me ntsis ntxiv nrog lawv.
- Phoneme yog chav me me ntawm lub suab uas pab peb sib txawv ntawm cov lus zoo sib xws (piv txwv li "tsis zoo" thiab "hnab").
- Nco tseg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas zoo li nyuaj rau kev txheeb xyuas lub suab sib txawv. Piv txwv li, lawv yuav muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj sib txawv ntawm cov suab uas zoo ib yam li lub suab ntawm "d" thiab "t." Cov menyuam no tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov kev paub phonemic, tab sis yuav tsum tau xyaum ua suab ntau dua li lwm tus tub ntxhais kawm.
- Nco ntsoov tias muaj ntau hom kev kawm, xws li pom kev, suab, thiab kinesthetic. Nco ntsoov suav nrog kev pom, lub suab, thiab kev ua ub no los muab txoj hauv kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua tus ntawm koj cov tub ntxhais kawm.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua tib zoo saib rau cov menyuam uas yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm dyslexia
Dyslexia tsis yog qhov teeb meem tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim rau ntau tus neeg, thiab feem ntau tau txheeb xyuas thaum cov menyuam pib kawm nyeem. Lub hlwb ntawm cov neeg uas muaj dyslexia txheej txheem cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv dua li cov uas tsis muaj nws, thiab qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau kev nyeem ntawv qeeb thiab nyuaj. Yog tias koj ntseeg tias muaj menyuam nyob hauv koj chav kawm raug kev txom nyem los ntawm dyslexia, nws yuav yog qhov zoo kom xa lawv mus rau tus kws paub tshwj xeeb hauv koj lub tsev kawm ntawv.
- Muaj pov thawj txoj hauv kev rau kev qhia menyuam yaus nrog dyslexia, thiab nyob ntawm qhov hnyav, lawv yuav xav tau mus kawm cov chav tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau menyuam yaus uas muaj dyslexia.
- Ib tus menyuam uas muaj dyslexia tuaj yeem tawm tsam tsis tu ncua nrog kev kawm txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab tawm suab cov tsiaj ntawv, thiab thaum twg yuav txaj muag ntawm cov hauv kev los tawm suab ib lo lus ua ntej ntawm lwm tus vim ntshai txaj muag.
- Ib tus menyuam dyslexic tuaj yeem lossis tsis tuaj yeem sib xyaw cov tsiaj ntawv hauv cov lus thaum hais lus. Piv txwv li, hais "mazagine" hloov "magazine".
- Paub txog lwm yam kev xiam oob khab kev kawm ib yam thiab saib rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj teeb meem. Tsis tas li, nco ntsoov tias lub suab hais lus yuav yog qhov nyuaj rau ntau tus menyuam thawj zaug lawv ntsib qhov kev kawm.
Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Qhia Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv cov duab
Nws tuaj yeem nyuaj rau cov menyuam pom lub suab uas cov tsiaj ntawv ua yam tsis muaj duab los pab lawv. Saib cov ntawv ua ke nrog cov menyuam thiab thaum koj hla daim duab ntawm qee yam, nug cov menyuam tias nws yog dab tsi. Tom qab ntawd tawm suab lo lus qeeb, thiab sau lo lus tawm.
- Qhov no yuav pab lawv koom nrog cov suab nrog cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov duab.
- Sim ua raws li cov phau ntawv duab uas muaj ntau cov duab ntawm cov khoom uas cov menyuam tuaj hla hauv lawv lub neej txhua hnub.
- Piv txwv li, yog tias koj hla daim duab ntawm cherry, nug cov menyuam tias nws yog dab tsi. Thaum lawv hais tias nws yog txiv ntoo, nug lawv kom pab koj tawm suab. Kom lawv ua nws dua, thiab lub sijhawm no, thaum koj tawm suab lo lus, sau cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.
Kauj Ruam 2. Pib nrog cov lus luv luv, yooj yim
Thaum cov menyuam tau kawm paub lub suab sib txawv ntawm txhua tsab ntawv, pib qhia lawv cov lus yooj yooj yim thiab kab lus. Nug lawv kom tawm suab raws cov lus raws li lawv twb paub lawm. Nco ntsoov pib nrog cov lus uas tsis muaj kev zam. Piv txwv li, “miv,” “dev,” “pob,” thiab lwm yam.
- Sim ua qhov kev lom zem no. Txhawm rau pab lawv txhim kho lawv txoj kev nyiam nyeem ntawv nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig kom tsis txhob tig cov kev kawm no mus rau hauv kev xyaum. Tsim cov kev ua si uas koj tuaj yeem ua si ua ke kom ua rau kev kawm paub muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua. Piv txwv li, tsis txhob hais kom cov menyuam zaum ntawm koj xub ntiag thiab hla tag nrho cov ntawv nyem. Hloov chaw, ua qhov kev lom zem. Nkaum daim npav luam tawm nrog cov lus sib txawv ntawm lawv ib puag ncig chav. Tshaj tawm daim duab sib xws rau txhua tus menyuam thiab kom lawv pom daim npav sib xws.
- Kuj ua kom zoo dua ntawm ntau lub khoos phis tawj computer uas muaj. Coob tus menyuam nyiam cov kev ua si no kom lawv lom zem, thiab txhim kho lawv cov txuj ci nyeem ntawv tib lub sijhawm.
Kauj Ruam 3. Qhia menyuam kom sib dhos
Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los pab menyuam txheeb xyuas cov qauv yog los ntawm kev kawm paub sib dhos. Feem ntau, txhua lo lus uas sib dhos tau hu ua "lo lus tsev neeg." Kev qhia menyuam kom sib dhos yuav pab lawv paub tias cov lus tsis tas yuav tsum zoo ib yam txhawm rau ua suab ib yam.
- Kom me nyuam thaij duab ntau yam (nrog lo lus luam tawm ntawm daim duab ib yam nkaus) thiab muab lawv tso rau hauv lawv tsev neeg. Lawv tuaj yeem ua qhov no los ntawm ua tib zoo mloog cov lus. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj muab daim duab mop rau lawv, kom lawv ua suab nrov. Hais kom lawv nrhiav lwm cov duab uas zoo li “mop” (piv txwv li “saum,” “pop,” “plhaw,” “nres,” “tub ceev xwm”).
- Kev qhia menyuam kom sib dhos yuav pab lawv kawm paub ua pawg li cas ua ke thiab kom paub cov suab lus. Sim tsom mus rau 1 lub suab vowel ib lub sijhawm los pab cov tub ntxhais kawm nkag siab cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem pib los ntawm kev tsom mus rau lub suab ntev "a", xws li quav nyab, hnub, thiab hais.
Kauj Ruam 4. Xyaum ua ntau zaus
Koj yuav tsum xyaum nyeem ntawv nrog koj cov tub ntxhais kawm ntau li ntau tau, tab sis ua kom cov kev kawm luv luv. Qhov no yuav pab tiv thaiv menyuam tsis txhob poob siab thiab nkees. Siv cov duab phau ntawv nrog luv luv, kab lus yooj yim, thiab cia cov menyuam xyaum ua kom nrov cov lus. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau yog ua siab ntev thiab txhawb nqa. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau menyuam yaus xav tias ruam rau qhov ua yuam kev vim qhov no yuav ua rau lawv tsis xav nyeem.
- Xyaum nyeem ntawv nrog koj cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv txhua qhov chaw koj mus. Kom lawv ua suab nrov lub npe ntawm yam uas koj pom thaum koj mus so lossis mus ncig ua si. Qhov no yuav ua rau kev kawm lom zem thiab koom nrog koj cov tub ntxhais kawm.
- Txhawb cov niam txiv kom nyeem ib feem loj ntawm tus menyuam lub neej. Qhia tias lawv coj menyuam mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv los txheeb xyuas phau ntawv, thiab khaws lawv ncig lub tsev kom cov menyuam tuaj yeem tham nrog lawv tsev neeg txog cov ntawv no.
Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Txhawb Menyuam Nyeem Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Txhawb kom niam txiv nyeem ntawv rau lawv cov menyuam
Ib qho zoo tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau los pab koj cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog kev nyeem ntawv yog kom lawv niam lawv txiv koom nrog. Nug cov menyuam niam txiv kom siv sijhawm nyeem ntawv nrog lawv nyob tom tsev.
Qhia rau cov niam txiv tias lawv tso cai rau lawv cov menyuam koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev cia lawv xaiv phau ntawv nyeem los ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv, kom lawv ua suab nrov yooj yim, thiab txheeb cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov lus yooj yim thaum nyeem ntawv
Kauj Ruam 2. Nyeem phau ntawv hauv chav kawm
Koj tuaj yeem txhawb qhov no ntxiv los ntawm kev nyeem ntawv rau koj cov tub ntxhais kawm thaum lawv nrog koj. Txawm hais tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias niam txiv nyeem ntawv rau menyuam, qee tus niam txiv tsis muaj sijhawm lossis tsis nyiam nyeem ntawv. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias txhua tus ntawm koj cov menyuam tau txais tsawg kawg qee lub sijhawm nyeem nrog tus neeg laus.
Nco ntsoov cia cov menyuam xaiv phau ntawv uas lawv xav nyeem ib yam nkaus. Kom lawv koom nrog hauv txheej txheem kev nyeem ntawv los ntawm kev pab lawv pab koj tawm suab yooj yim
Kauj Ruam 3. Nug cov menyuam nug txog yam koj tau nyeem rau lawv
Thaum koj tab tom nyeem ntawv rau lawv, txhawb kom lawv koom nrog hauv zaj dab neeg los ntawm kev nug lawv cov lus nug txog yam koj tau nyeem.
Koj tuaj yeem nug cov lus nug tom qab koj nyeem tas, tab sis koj tseem tuaj yeem tso tseg kom nug cov lus hauv zaj dab neeg ib yam. Piv txwv li, nug lawv seb koj xav tias lub cim tseem ceeb yuav tsum ua dab tsi txog qhov teeb meem uas lawv muaj. Nug lawv ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus thoob plaws zaj dab neeg seb lawv xav tias tus cwj pwm zoo li cas. Piv txwv li, tej zaum yuav tu siab, chim, zoo siab, lossis nkees?
Kauj Ruam 4. Dai cov ntawv nyob ib ncig ntawm chav kawm
Ntau tus menyuam yuav txaus siab kawm paub dab tsi uas lawv pom txhua hnub hais. Dai qee cov ntawv ci uas ci ntsa iab uas muaj ob peb lo lus yooj yim ntawm lawv, thiab pab cov menyuam kawm nyeem thiab sau cov lus no.
- Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig kom muaj daim ntawv tso npe niam ntawv dai hauv chav kawm. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm cov tsiaj ntawv no feem ntau muaj txhua tus tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv nrog cov duab uas pab lawv nkag siab tias cov tsiaj ntawv hais li cas (piv txwv li tsab ntawv "A" nrog daim duab ntawm cov kua).
- Sim los nrog cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm lossis cov haujlwm raws li daim ntawv tshaj xo uas koj dai.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ua kom cov menyuam mob siab rau
Kev kawm nyeem yog txheej txheem ntev. Koj cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav mus los ntawm tsis paub cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm tus niam ntawv, kom muaj peev xwm nyeem cov lus yooj yim, thiab thaum kawg nws yuav kawm nyeem tag nrho kab lus. Khaws qhov nthuav thiab nyuaj los ntawm muaj ntau phau ntawv uas sib txawv hauv qhov nyuaj. Thaum cov menyuam vam meej, tig tawm qee phau ntawv yooj yim dua, thiab qhia qee qhov nyuaj dua.
Qhia cov phau ntawv tshiab yuav ua rau lawv zoo siab los sim qee yam tshiab
Lub tswv yim
- Nco ntsoov xyuas qhov muag ntawm txhua tus menyuam. Thaum koj pom ib tus ntawm cov menyuam tawm tsam, sim nrhiav sijhawm ntxiv los siv nrog tus menyuam ntawd. Tham nrog tus menyuam cov niam txiv, thiab piav qhia meej tias tus menyuam tab tom tawm tsam nrog dab tsi. Piv txwv, yog tias tus menyuam muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj sib txawv ntawm lub suab "d" thiab "t", siv sijhawm ntxiv los xyaum cov lus sib txawv uas ua rau cov suab no. Nug niam txiv seb lawv puas tuaj yeem koom nrog thiab xyaum nrog tus menyuam ib yam.
- Kev kawm nyeem tau yooj yim rau qee tus menyuam thiab tsis yog rau lwm tus. Tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb txuas ntawm IQ thiab muaj peev xwm nyeem txawm hais tias. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qee tus menyuam tsuas paub tsawg lub suab lus zoo dua li lwm tus, uas tuaj yeem ua rau theem pib ntawm kev kawm nyeem nyuaj dua. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws nyuaj dua rau lawv kom hnov qhov sib txawv ntawm cov suab. Yog li, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias tus menyuam uas tawm tsam tsis txawj ntse.
- Thaum tus menyuam hla cov lus uas tau hais tawm hauv qhov txawv txav, nco ntsoov piav qhia tias qhov no yog kev zam. Tsis yog kho tus tub ntxhais kawm thiab txav mus ntxiv. Qhov no yuav ua rau lawv xav tsis thoob vim li cas nws tau hais tawm ib txoj hauv ib lo lus, thiab ib txoj hauv kev sib txawv hauv lwm lo lus.
