Qhia thawj cov tub kawm ntawv kom nyeem yog txoj haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig uas tseem ceeb heev rau lawv txoj kev kawm. Kev nyeem ntawv yog cov txheej txheem ib qib zuj zus, pib nrog kev kawm paub txog lub suab thiab thaum kawg xaus nrog cov menyuam tuaj yeem nyeem tsis tau cov lus tab sis nkag siab lawv lub ntsiab lus. Xyaum ua tej yam zoo li cov lus pom thiab cov cai hais lus yuav muab rau koj thawj cov txuj ci uas lawv xav tau nyeem hauv pab pawg thiab ntawm nws tus kheej.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Qhia Txuj Ci Tseem Ceeb
Kauj Ruam 1. Txhim kho kev paub phonemic paub los ntawm kev hla cov tsiaj ntawv thiab suab
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov menyuam kom paub lawv cov ntawv thiab paub tias lub suab twg ua rau txhua tsab ntawv ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov lus. Mus hla txhua tsab ntawv ntawm tus niam ntawv, hais nws lub npe thiab lub suab uas nws ua. Thaum koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no raws li chav kawm, nws tseem yog lub tswv yim zoo los ua ib tus zuj zus nrog txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm yog li koj paub cov ntawv thiab suab uas lawv xav tau kev pab nrog.
- Cov tsiaj ntawv suav nrog cov ntawv tsis txaus, cov ntawv luv, cov ntawv ntev, thiab cov ntawv sau.
- Piv txwv li, thaum hla tsab ntawv "R," koj yuav hais tias, "R ua rau 'rrrrrr' lub suab, zoo li" nas."
Kauj Ruam 2. Pab cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm paub txiav txim siab cov lus los ntawm kev tawm suab
Thaum koj thawj tus tub kawm paub lawv lub suab, qhia lawv kom hlua cov suab no ua ke thaum lawv pom lawv tsim cov lus. Qhia lawv yuav pib li cas ntawm sab laug thiab tawm suab txhua lub suab kom txog thaum lawv mus rau sab xis, ua kom tiav lo lus.
- Qee cov lus zoo thaum ntxov suav nrog "hnub," "niam," "muaj," lossis "kaw."
- Yog tias koj thawj tus tub kawm ntawv muaj teeb meem hlua txhua lub suab ua ke los ua lo lus tag, txhawb kom lawv hu nkauj txhua lub suab. Qhov no pab tiv thaiv kev ncua ntev ntawm txhua tus.
Kauj Ruam 3. Xyaum ua phonics los qhia koj thawj tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv
Muaj ntau txoj cai tshwj xeeb thaum nws los txog rau nyeem qhov uas yooj yim hais tawm ib lo lus yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Txhawb koj thawj qib kawm kom saib cov pab pawg ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, tsis yog suab ib leeg. los Qhia lawv cov cai tshwj xeeb phonics kom lawv muaj peev xwm lees paub cov lus sau zoo li "ci" thiab paub yuav hais nws li cas.
- "Ci" yuav yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas ntsiag to "e" feem ntau hloov luv luv vowel rau hauv vowel ntev.
- Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm txoj cai phonics tseem ceeb yuav yog thaum lub suab lus muaj 2 vowels hauv nws, thawj tus vowel feem ntau ntev thiab qhov thib ob yog ntsiag to, xws li hauv "nag" lossis "nqaij."
TSWV YIM TSHUAJ
Soren Rosier, PhD
PhD in Education Candidate, Stanford University Soren Rosier is a PhD candidate at Stanford's Graduate School of Education. He studies how children teach each other and how to train effective peer teachers. Before beginning his PhD, he was a middle school teacher in Oakland, California, and a researcher at SRI International. He received his undergraduate degree from Harvard University in 2010.
Soren Rosier, PhD
PhD in Education Candidate, Stanford University
Experiment to find which approach works best for each child
Phonics certainly helps children learn to read, especially if they're struggling. However, some children do better with the whole word approach, where they focus on the word and its meaning, rather than breaking it down into its subparts.
Kauj Ruam 4. Qhia lo lus tsev neeg kom pab lawv kawm cov lus sib dhos
Tsis tsuas yog qhov no pab lawv kawm cov lus xaus sai dua, tab sis nws qhia lawv tias muaj cov qauv hauv cov lus thiab cov suab pib tuaj yeem hloov pauv kom hloov lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus. Mus hla cov lus nrog qhov xaus zoo li "-un," "-it," lossis "-ap."
- Piv txwv li, cov lus uas xaus rau “-un” yuav khiav, hnub, lom zem, bun, nun, lossis spun.
- Lwm lo lus tsev neeg los qhia yog "-ip," "-ing," "-ack," thiab "-op."
Kauj Ruam 5. Mus dhau lo lus pom los txhawb kom cim tau
Cov lus pom, lossis cov lus siv ntau zaus, yog cov lus uas koj thawj qib kawm yuav ntsib ntau zaus. Coob leej ntawm lawv tsis yooj yim los tawm suab vim tias lawv tsis ua raws txoj cai phonics ib txwm muaj. Ua flashcards lossis sau cov lus pom ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm kom pab thawj cov tub kawm pib cim cov lus no.
- Nrhiav thawj qib pom lo lus teev npe hauv online, suav nrog cov lus zoo li "kawm," "ib qho," lossis "vim."
- Koj thawj tus neeg kawm paub paub lo lus pom thaum lawv tuaj yeem hais lo lus tam sim yam tsis muaj kev tos lossis tsis muaj lub suab tawm.
- Txhawb koj cov tub ntxhais kawm sau cov lus no thiab hais lawv nrov nrov thaum lawv kawm lawv kom pab lawv nco cov lus yooj yim dua.
Kauj Ruam 6. Sau cov ntawv sau rau hauv kev nyeem cov lus thaum twg ua tau
Txawm hais tias kev sau ntawv yuav tsis zoo li cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los qhia nyeem ntawv, sau cov lus kom raug yuav pab koj thawj qib kawm nyeem cov lus kom raug sai dua. Sau tawm cov lus uas ua ke nrog cov cai phonics koj tab tom kawm, lossis muaj koj thawj tus tub kawm sau cov lus uas lawv muaj teeb meem nyeem ua kev nyeem ntxiv thiab xyaum sau ntawv.
- Kom koj thawj tus tub kawm sau txhua lo lus hauv ib lo lus tsev neeg los xyaum sau thiab hais lawv.
- Thaum koj thawj tus tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem nyeem cov lus pom, tsis txhob qhia nws rau lawv, hais tawm nrov nrov thiab thov kom lawv sau nws.
Kauj Ruam 7. Siv tes ua dej num los ua kom kev kawm nyeem sib tham ntau dua
Thaum yooj yim nyeem cov ntawv thiab hla cov lus hauv cov ntawv luam tuaj yeem ua haujlwm, kom cov menyuam koom nrog lub cev ntau ntxiv hauv kev nyeem ntawv yuav ua rau lawv zoo siab kawm. Siv ua phonics tsuav tsuav tsim cov lus nrog koj thawj qib lossis rub tawm cov ntawv hlau nplaum los siv thaum koj tab tom qhia suab. Txhua yam haujlwm uas ua rau lawv txav mus lossis lawv tuaj yeem siv tau yuav txhim kho lawv cov txuj ci nyeem ntawv.
- Muab txhua tus menyuam yaus puv tes ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab hais kom lawv hais txhua tsab ntawv thiab nws lub suab.
- Hu nkauj txog phonics los pab txhawb txoj cai tshwj xeeb uas lawv yuav nyuaj rau nco.
- Sau cov lus sib txawv ntawm daim npav thiab muab tso rau hauv pem teb, txhawb cov tub ntxhais kawm kom dhia ntawm ib lo lus mus rau lwm qhov thaum lawv hais lawv raug.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Xaiv Cov Ntawv thiab Nyeem Ntawv nrov
Kauj Ruam 1. Muab thawj tus menyuam kawm ntawv txheeb xyuas qib kom koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov ntawv rau lawv
Ua ntej koj xaiv cov phau ntawv rau koj thawj qib kawm nyeem, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias lawv nyob qib twg yog li koj tsis xaiv phau ntawv uas nyuaj dhau lossis yooj yim rau txhua tus nyeem. Siv kev ntsuas ntsuas kev nyeem ntawv zoo li Nyeem Ntawv A-Z thiab tom qab ntawd muab rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawv raws li lawv pom qib nyeem ntawv.
- Yog tias koj tab tom ua haujlwm nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv pab pawg me me, tso cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog qib nyeem ntawv zoo ib yam hauv ib pawg.
- Piv txwv li, yog tias kev ntsuas kev nyeem ntawv koj siv hais tias Johnny nyob qib C, koj yuav xaiv cov ntawv uas nyob rau qib no rau nws nyeem.
- Yog tias koj muaj cov phau ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv siab thiab tsis paub meej tias lawv qib nyeem ntawv yog dab tsi, ntaus lub npe ntawm phau ntawv thiab tom qab ntawd "qib nyeem ntawv" rau hauv lub tshuab tshawb fawb online kom paub.
Kauj Ruam 2. Xaiv cov ntawv hauv qab txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm qib qib kev chim rau kev nyeem ntawv ywj pheej
Thaum koj thawj tus tub ntxhais kawm nyeem ntawv los ntawm lawv tus kheej, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas lawv muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab muaj peev xwm hais tawm txhua lo lus ntawm nws tus kheej. Xaiv cov phau ntawv uas yuav tsis taug lawv thiab suav nrog cov lus lossis suab uas lawv tuaj yeem xam tawm yam tsis muaj kev pab.
- Yog tias cov tub ntxhais kawm nyeem nws tus kheej hauv chav kawm, koj yuav nug lawv kom ntxhi nyeem kom koj tuaj yeem taug kev ncig thiab mloog lawv.
- Yog tias koj siv cov phiaj xwm nyeem ntawv tshwj xeeb, lawv yuav muaj cov ntawv rau koj siv uas tau sau tag nrho nrog lawv qib nyeem ntawv.
- Yog tias koj tsis siv qhov kev nyeem ntawv, koj yuav txhawb koj thawj qib nyeem "Go, Dog. Go!" los ntawm P. D. Eastman lossis "Clifford the Big Red Dog" los ntawm Norman Bridwell, txawm hais tias koj yuav xav tshuaj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias phau ntawv no ua raws lawv qib kev nyeem tshwj xeeb.
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab kev pab thaum koj thawj qib kawm nyeem cov ntawv nyuaj
Thaum koj ua haujlwm 1-rau-1 lossis hauv pab pawg me, siv cov ntawv uas nyuaj me ntsis ntau dua li cov uas lawv yuav nyeem los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Mus hla cov lus tsis zoo uas lawv yuav ntsib hauv phau ntawv ua ntej pib, thiab mloog lawv nyeem cov ntawv no los pab lawv thaum twg lawv ntsib teeb meem.
Xaiv phau ntawv uas yog ib qib siab dua lawv qib kev nyeem ntawv ywj pheej feem ntau yog qhov chaw zoo pib thaum ua haujlwm ua pab pawg
Kauj Ruam 4. Nug cov lus nug txog kev nyeem ntawv los pab lawv nkag siab
Raws li koj tab tom nyeem cov ntawv nrov rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, lossis thaum lawv tab tom nyeem cov ntawv nrov rau koj, ncua kom nug cov lus nug txog dab tsi tshwm sim. Qhov no qhia koj thawj qib kawm kom mloog zoo rau qhov lawv nyeem thiab nkag siab lub ntsiab lus tom qab txhua kab lus, txhim kho lawv cov kev nkag siab.
- Koj tuaj yeem nug, "Vim li cas hma thiaj nkaum hauv lub tsev?" lossis "Koj xav tias qhov ntawd ua rau tus kwv xav li cas?"
- Txhawb kom cov menyuam nug cov lus nug thoob plaws lawv qhov kev nyeem thaum lawv tsis nkag siab qee yam.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nyeem nrov nrov rau cov tub ntxhais kawm los qhia lawv txog cov lus tshiab
Cov menyuam yaus tsis tau laus dhau los nyeem, thiab qhov no yog txoj hauv kev yooj yim uas koj tuaj yeem qhia cov lus tshiab thiab tham txog kev nkag siab nrog koj thawj qib kawm. Xaiv tawm phau ntawv uas muaj hnub nyoog tsim nyog thiab hais txog yam uas koj tab tom kawm txog hauv chav kawm, xws li qee cov cai hais lus lossis txawm tias hnub so lossis xwm txheej koj tau tham txog.
- Nug koj thawj qib lus nug txog cov xwm txheej thiab cim hauv phau ntawv kom lawv koom nrog, thiab piav qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm txhua lo lus tsis yooj yim.
- Koj yuav nyeem phau ntawv rau koj thawj qib kawm xws li "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs" los ntawm Judi Barrett lossis "Stand Tall, Molly Lou Melon" los ntawm Patty Lovell.
Kauj Ruam 6. Kom cov tub ntxhais kawm nyeem rau koj 1-rau-1 kom muab kev pab tshwj xeeb rau tus kheej
Nov yog lub sijhawm zoo los mloog txhua tus ntawm koj cov tub ntxhais kawm nyeem rau koj, ua kom nco txog ib lo lus uas lawv tau ua los lossis ua sai lossis qeeb lawv tab tom nyeem. Ua tib zoo mloog thaum lawv nyeem thiab muab kev txhawb nqa thaum nws xav tau.
Kom lawv nyeem ntawv rau koj tus kheej kuj tseem yuav ua li cas koj yuav sim lawv qhov kev nyeem kom pom tias lawv xav tau nyob qib qub nyeem lossis nce mus
Kauj Ruam 7. Xaiv cov ntawv uas cuam tshuam rau kom lawv zoo siab txog kev nyeem
Koj yuav muaj sijhawm nyuaj ntau ntxiv kom ntseeg tau koj thawj qib kawm tias kev nyeem ntawv yog kev lom zem thaum koj nyeem cov ntawv uas tsis txaus siab rau lawv. Xaiv cov phau ntawv uas lom zem, ua dag, lossis cuam tshuam nrog lub ncauj lus uas lawv pom nthuav kom lawv koom nrog thiab mob siab rau nyeem.
- Qee hnub koj yuav muab koj thawj qib kawm xaiv ntawm 2 lossis 3 phau ntawv uas yog lawv qib nyeem ntawv thiab cia lawv xaiv qhov lawv xav nyeem.
- Qee cov ntawv sau suav nrog cov phau ntawv los ntawm Mo Willems lossis James Dean.
Lub tswv yim
- Ua siab ntev. Kev nyeem ntawv tuaj yeem nyuaj rau ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm, tab sis nrog kev xyaum ntau, lawv cov txuj ci yuav txhim kho.
- Txhawb koj thawj qib kawm nyeem ntawv li 20-30 feeb txhua hmo.
