Cov kab kos duab yog cov phiaj xwm uas pab koj lossis tus kws tshaj lij nkag siab txog kev siv hluav taws xob hauv ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb. Cov kab ntawv no tuaj yeem zoo li nyuaj dhau thaum xub thawj, tab sis lawv yooj yim nkag siab thaum koj txheeb xyuas thiab txheeb tawm cov cim sib txawv uas tau siv. Thaum cov lej xav tau qee qhov kev paub yooj yim ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob, koj tuaj yeem tau txais ntau qhov kev nkag siab tshiab rau hauv koj lub tsev lossis khoom siv los ntawm kev ua tiav nyeem thiab txheeb xyuas koj tus kheej cov ntawv!
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 4: Txheeb Xyuas Cov Txheej Txheem Hauv Cheeb Tsam
Kauj Ruam 1. Saib rau cov voj voog uas muaj cov cim uas qhia tias yog lub hwj chim
Luam theej duab koj cov duab kom paub seb qhov twg koj cov hluav taws xob tau tsim. Nco ntsoov tias cov peev txheej txheem tau sau nrog lub voj voog uas tau sau nrog qhov ntxiv lossis rho tawm kos npe, thaum qhov "zoo tshaj plaws" qhov chaw zoo li lub voj voog nrog kab rov tav faib nws ib nrab.
- Yog tias lub zog siv hluav taws xob muaj qhov hloov pauv tam sim no (AC), koj yuav pom kab kab ntsais muag nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub voj voog. Yog tias lub zog muaj qhov ncaj qha tam sim no (DC), koj yuav pom ib qho ntxiv thiab rho tawm kos npe rau saum thiab hauv qab ntawm lub voj voog, feem.
- Cov peev txheej tsis tu ncua tau qhia nrog lub xub xub tig rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub voj voog.
- Lub zog hluav taws xob xa ntau hom kev siv hluav taws xob thoob plaws hauv Circuit Court.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nkag siab tias cov kab ncaj qhia tau tias yog tus coj
Saib ib ncig ntawm koj cov phiaj xwm rau kab rov tav thiab kab ncaj ncaj hauv ntau qhov ntev thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Nco ntsoov tias cov kab no sawv cev rau tus neeg tsav tsheb, uas yog cov xov hlau sib txawv uas ua rau hauv Circuit Court. Txheeb xyuas qhov ua tiav cov kab uas cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim, uas tso cai rau hluav taws xob ntws thoob plaws hauv Circuit Court.
Cov neeg ua yeeb yam tsis tau sawv cev los ntawm txhua hom cim zoo nkauj
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas cov duab plaub sib txuas ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Saib rau tus neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov neeg tawm tsam tsim cov duab plaub ua tiav, lossis kab hluav taws xob. Tshawb nrhiav cov ntawv tshwj xeeb uas hais qhia "V-Out," uas qhia tau tias lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntau npaum li cas.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav nyuaj rau txheeb xyuas hauv cov txheej txheem nyuaj. Sim nrhiav cov duab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim kom tau txais lub tswv yim yooj yim
Kauj Ruam 4. Nco ntsoov tias resistors tau cim los ntawm kab zig zag lossis duab plaub
Luam theej duab koj cov duab thiab saib rau ib qho tshwj xeeb thaiv lossis kab kaum nyob hauv cov phiaj xwm. Koj yuav pom cov kev xav sib txawv rau cov neeg tawm tsam, nyob ntawm qhov tsim qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem. Tsis txhob poob siab yog tias koj pom lub cim no thoob plaws hauv daim ntawv-txij li cov neeg tawm tsam ua haujlwm los tswj tus nqi hluav taws xob uas siv hauv ib qho kev sib txuas, lawv tau siv ntau heev thiab tsim nyog rau txhua txoj haujlwm thaiv kab ke.
Cov hloov pauv hloov pauv zoo li zig zag kab nrog kab kab kab hla mus rau hauv nruab nrab
Kauj Ruam 5. Txheeb xyuas cov capacitors ua ib pawg ntawm qhov ncaj thiab rov qab "T" cov duab
Tshawb nrhiav kab ntawm kab hauv koj cov phiaj xwm uas tau teeb tsa thiab sib koom ua ke hauv ib cheeb tsam. Thaum lwm lub cim, zoo li roj teeb, muaj hom kev tsim no, nco ntsoov tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob zoo li qhov rov qab "T" tso rau saum ib qho "T," nrog kab rov tav sib txawv ntawm ob qho tib si. Txij li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuav lub zog hluav taws xob hauv Circuit Court, koj yuav pom lub cim no ntau zaus hauv koj cov txuj ci.
- Koj tuaj yeem pom cov cim ntxiv rau hauv kaum sab laug saum toj ntawm lub cim capacitor. Qhov no qhia tau tias lub capacitor yog polarized.
- Qee lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau ua nrog txoj kab nkhaus kab rov tav.
Kauj Ruam 6. Nco ntsoov tias inductors tau cim nrog kab nkhaus lossis kab nkhaus
Tshawb nrhiav cov kab lus sib dhos lossis cov kab coiled hauv ib cheeb tsam. Nco ntsoov tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau siv los khaws hluav taws xob, thiab tseem tuaj yeem xa hluav taws xob rov qab mus rau lwm qhov hauv Circuit Court.
Lub cev, inductors yog coiled daim hlau, uas piav qhia lawv cov duab hauv cov txheej txheem
Ceeb toom:
Tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov cim inductor nrog lub cim hloov pauv, uas zoo li 2 ntsug, sib nqus inductors cais los ntawm 2 kab ntsug.
Kauj Ruam 7. Nrhiav cov hloov pauv los ntawm kev nrhiav cov kab sib txuas ua ke thiab kab
Nrhiav ib txoj kab los yog kab rov tav uas nyob ze 2 lossis ntau lub voj qhib. Nco ntsoov tias cov hloov pauv yooj yim yuav muaj kab tsawg thiab kab rov tav, thaum hloov pauv ntau dua tuaj yeem muaj tsawg kawg 6 kab thiab qhib lub voj voog.
- Qhov qhib qhib thiab kaw qhov ntws ntawm hluav taws xob.
- Qee qhov hloov pauv yuav tsis muaj cov voj qhib txhua.
- Cov kab sawv cev rau "tus ncej", thaum lub voj voog sawv cev "cuam". Qhov hloov pauv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog hu ua "ib leeg-ncej/ib leeg-pov."
- Cov voj qhib qhib sawv cev rau cov dav hlau hauv qhov hloov.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 4: Ntsuam Xyuas Cheeb Tsam hauv Kev Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij
Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav diodes los ntawm kev nrhiav daim duab peb sab ntawm ib sab ncaj
Nrhiav rau sab xis tig mus rau daim duab peb sab raws kab ntawm koj daim duab. Nco ntsoov tias diodes quab yuam hluav taws xob hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, uas yog vim li cas lub cim zoo li tus xub. Nrhiav ib txoj kab ncaj nraim raws lub ces kaum taw qhia ntawm daim duab peb sab, uas qhia txog kev qhia tshwj xeeb uas tam sim no tab tom mus.
Koj puas paub?
LED cov cim cim zoo ib yam li cov cim ib txwm muaj; txawm li cas los xij, txoj kab ncaj ntawm qhov kawg ntawm daim duab peb sab taw qhia tau zoo dua.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nco ntsoov tias transistors yog 2 kab kaum kab txuas rau txoj kab ntsug
Saib rau kab ntawm cov kab txuas sib txuas ua ke rau hauv 1 thaj tsam ntawm cov phiaj xwm. Tshwj xeeb, tshawb rau kab kab luv luv uas txuas nrog kab ntsug ntev. Raws li koj tab tom nrhiav rau lub cim no, nco ntsoov tias cov transistors hloov pauv qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no hauv Circuit Court.
Cov transistors yuav muaj 2 txoj kab ncaj ncaj nkag thiab tawm ntawm txoj kab ntsug ntev. Ib qho ntawm cov kab no yuav yog xub
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas cov rooj logic digital raws li cov kab nkhaus nkhaus lossis cov voos peb sab nrog kab
Yog tias koj lub tswv yim zoo dua, koj yuav pom lub qhov rooj logic digital, uas zoo ib yam li cov duab nkhaus txuas rau luv, kab sib luag. Nco ntsoov tias tus txheej txheem txheej txheem txheej txheem txheej txheem muaj 2 kab sib dhos txuas rau sab laug ntawm cov duab, nrog ib kab kab ib kab tawm ntawm sab xis.
- Cov cim ntau dua yuav muaj cov voj qhib txuas rau kab luv.
- Lub rooj logic digital pab tswj hwm ntau cov tswv yim, thiab tau siv hauv cov kab ke nyuaj dua.
Kauj Ruam 4. Nco ntsoov tias cov nplais yog cov duab plaub uas nyob ntawm ib sab "T" s
Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav qhov tso zis zaus ib yam hauv koj cov phiaj xwm, nrhiav qhov siab, qhib lub duab plaub. Thaum koj pom lub cim no, kos sab laug thiab sab xis kom pom tias muaj ib sab "T" puag ncig lub duab plaub. Yog tias koj pom cov kab no, tom qab ntawd koj tau ua tiav koj qhov chaw siv lead ua.
- Qhov no kuj yog lub cim rau oscillators thiab resonators. Tag nrho 3 ntawm cov khoom no muab tawm ntau zaus thaum nquag siv hauv Circuit Court.
- Crystals pab txuas ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nco tseg tias kev sib xyaw ua ke yog duab plaub txuas nrog 8 kab me me
Tshawb nrhiav cov duab plaub me me hauv koj cov duab uas yuav luag zoo li lub xwmfab. Tshwj xeeb, nrhiav cov duab uas zoo li kab laug sab thiab muaj 4 kab luv (lossis "ob txhais ceg") tawm ntawm txhua sab. Nco ntsoov tias kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm ua haujlwm raws li kev ywj pheej nyob hauv ib lub voj voog, thiab feem ntau ua lub luag haujlwm nyuaj hauv koj cov lej.
Cov kab luv txuas rau lub thawv ntawv yog hu ua "pins."
Kauj Ruam 6. Nrhiav lub tshuab ua haujlwm los ntawm kev nrhiav lub kaum sab xis sab xis
Nrhiav cov duab peb sab uas nyob ib puag ncig koj cov duab. Tsis zoo li diodes, nco ntsoov tias cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tsis txuas rau ib txoj kab ntsug. Hloov chaw, saib rau kab luv, kab rov tav txuas rau ntawm cov cim.
- Lub tshuab ua haujlwm ua haujlwm pabcuam sib txuas qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov hluav taws xob zoo rau hauv 1 qhov tso tawm.
- Koj yuav pom ntau zaus "V-in" thiab "V-out" puag ncig daim duab peb sab cim, uas qhia qhov twg qhov hluav taws xob nkag mus thiab tawm.
- Cov tshuab ua haujlwm muaj qhov ntxiv thiab rho tawm kos npe rau ntawm cov ces kaum sab saud thiab hauv qab ntawm sab laug.
Kauj Ruam 7. Nrhiav lub roj teeb los ntawm kev nrhiav ib pawg kab uas ntev thiab luv
Tshawb nrhiav qhov rov qab "T" uas tau teeb tsa saum toj kab luv luv thiab ib txwm "T." Txheeb rau kaum sab xis thiab sab xis rau qhov ntxiv thiab rho tawm kos npe, ib yam.
- Muaj qhov khoob ntawm txhua txoj kab hauv lub cim roj teeb.
- Cov roj teeb pab hloov cov tshuaj muaj zog los ua hluav taws xob.
Kauj Ruam 8. Tshawb nrhiav cov voj voos txuas nrog kab zauv kom pom lub fuse
Luam theej duab rau 2 qhib cov voj ncig ntawm 2 kab kab luv luv. Saib ntawm 2 lub voj voos no kom pom lub ntsej muag uas nce thiab poob los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis.
- Fuses tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob los ntawm kev kub hnyiab tawm ntau dhau.
- Cov roj teeb ua lub zog ntxiv hauv Circuit Court.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 4: Nyeem Cov Ntawv Sau Kom raug
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib txwm los ntawm lawv thawj tsab ntawv
Saib hauv qab lossis ib sab ntawm cov cim sib txawv sib txawv kom paub meej tias lawv siv thiab lub hom phiaj nyob hauv Circuit Court. Nco ntsoov tias cov neeg tawm tsam, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, diodes, thiab cov hloov pauv tau sau tag nrho nrog thawj tsab ntawv ntawm lawv lub npe, thaum transistors tau cim nrog tsab ntawv "Q." Ua tib zoo saib rau cov nplais thiab oscillators, nrog rau kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov inductors-cov no tau sau nrog cov ntawv "Y," "U," thiab "L," feem.
- Fuse, kho vajtse, thiab hloov pauv tag nrho tau sau nrog thawj tsab ntawv ntawm lawv lub npe.
- Roj teeb raug xa mus rau “B” lossis “BT.”
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv tus lej txhawm rau txheeb xyuas ntau dua 1 yam khoom siv hluav taws xob
Zam qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm koj cov phiaj xwm los tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv sib txawv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yog tias koj cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb nyuaj, koj yuav pom cov lej nyob ib sab ntawm tsab ntawv luv. Khaws cov ntawv no kom nkag siab tias cov khoom siv yog dab tsi.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj pom "R1," "R2," thiab "R3" hauv 1 thaj tsam ntawm koj cov phiaj xwm, nws txhais tau tias muaj 3 tus tiv thaiv
Kauj Ruam 3. Hloov "ohms" thiab "micro" nrog cov ntawv Greek
Khaws qhov muag tawm rau cov ntawv Greek "mu" thiab "omega" hauv cov ntawv sib txawv. Nco ntsoov tias lub cim "omega" sawv rau "ohms," thaum "mu" sib npaug "micro".
Piv txwv li, daim ntawv lo 12μF sib npaug 12 microfarad
Txoj Kev 4 ntawm 4: Txheeb Xyuas Kev Sib Txuas Hauv Circuit Sib Txawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Saib cov khoom sib txuas ua ke los ntawm kab ncaj lossis kab ntsug
Saib koj cov lej raws li kev sib cuam tshuam sib txuas, tsom mus rau qhov tshwj xeeb uas txuas nrog ib leeg. Yog tias koj pom txoj kab ncaj ncaj mus ntawm 2 qhov sib cais sib cais, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias 2 lub ntsiab lus txuas nrog hauv Circuit Court.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj pom kab rov tav ncaj nruab nrab ntawm lub cim roj teeb thiab lub cim hloov pauv, koj tuaj yeem paub tias cov khoom sib txuas tau txuas nrog
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas qhov sib tshuam ua ntau kab sib txuas
Nrhiav cov kab uas faib ua ntau ceg, txuas mus rau lwm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Circuit. Xa mus rau cov kab no ua kev sib tshuam, vim tias lawv tso cai rau ntau yam sib txuas sib txuas thiab ua haujlwm ua ke.
Yog tias koj puas xav tias nyuaj siab saib ntau kab sib tshooj, sim rhuav cov txheej txheem rau hauv me me
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas qhov sib txuas sib txuas nrog lub dot nyob hauv nruab nrab
Nrhiav kev sib tshooj lossis txuas kab uas tau cim nrog kaw, sau cov ntawv. Yog tias koj pom tus dot no, koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias cov kab no txhua tus txuas nrog ib leeg. Yog tias koj tsis pom qhov no, nco ntsoov tias cov kab sib tshooj, tab sis tsis txuas nrog.
Kev sib tshuam txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob hla ib leeg. Qee qhov ntawm cov kab no txuas nrog, thaum lwm txoj kab tsuas yog hla ib leeg
Koj puas paub?
Muaj ntau hom qauv tsim rau schematics. Qee cov ntaub ntawv siv tus lej kaw lossis tsis muaj nws los qhia qhov sib txuas thiab tsis txuas nrog. Lwm qhov kev piav qhia yuav siv cov kab sib tshooj thiab kab nrog cov kab me me los qhia qhov sib txawv no.
