Cov lauj kaub tais diav glazes yog cov sib xyaw ua ke uas fuse rau cov tais diav thaum muab tso rau hauv qhov cub ntawm qhov kub siab. Glazes yog lub luag haujlwm ob qho tib si los kho cov tais diav thiab tsim kom muaj qhov zoo nkauj ci ntsa iab uas tiv thaiv cov tais diav los ntawm hnav thiab dej. Thaum ci iav tuaj yeem yog txheej txheem ntev thiab koom nrog, nws tsis nyuaj rau kawm, thiab cov txiaj ntsig yuav txhim kho nrog kev xyaum. Yog tias koj tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau lub qhov cub, sim nrhiav ib qho ua ntej koj pib, raws li tau piav qhia hauv ntu Firing hauv qab no.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 4: Xaiv Cov Tais Thiab Glazes
Kauj Ruam 1. Pib nrog qhov tsis zoo, cov khoom siv tawv tawv
Lub khw muag khoom lossis tus kws kos duab yuav coj koj mus rau cov khoom tsim nyog lawv muag. Feem ntau, cov khoom no tau dhau los ntawm "bisque" cov txheej txheem tua kom ua rau nws nyuaj. Tsis zoo li qee yam ntawm cov nplaim hluavtaws ceramic, bisque muaj qhov ntxeem tau, nqus dej nto. Qhov no tso cai rau nws nqus cov dej ntub dej, uas tom qab ntawd yuav tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv dej tsis tiav thaum cov ceramic raug rho tawm thib ob.
- Nyob ntawm seb hom av nplaum siv li cas, daim bisque ceramic tej zaum yuav dawb lossis liab.
- Yog tias koj muaj cov av nplaum uas koj tau ua rau koj tus kheej, tua hluav taws hauv lub qhov cub kom ua rau nws nyuaj tab sis tseem ntxeem tau ua ntej koj ci. Qhov ntsuas kub kom tua koj lub hom phiaj yog nyob ntawm nws qhov loj thiab hom av nplaum, yog li xyuas nrog cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm koj cov av nplaum, lossis yog tias cov chaw tsim khoom tsis muaj rau koj, nug cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws paub txog av. Ib tus tuaj yeem txaus siab tso cai rau koj siv nws lub cub tawg los ntsuas qhov kub ntawm koj cov av nplaum, txawm hais tias tus kws ua zaub mov yuav thov kom them nyiaj.
Kauj Ruam 2. Hnav cov hnab looj tes pov tseg thaum tuav cov khoom ceramic
Cov khoom "bisque" dawb uas koj yuav ci ci yuav tsum khaws kom huv raws li qhov ua tau. Txawm tias cov roj los ntawm koj txhais tes tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov glaze los ntawm kev ua kom raug, yog li hnav cov hnab looj tes uas siv tas pov tseg thaum twg koj kov cov khoom koj yuav ci. Hloov lawv txhua lub sijhawm lawv tau qias neeg, ua ntej kov cov khoom siv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Yuav cov khoom ua ntej sib xyaw glazes lossis cov khoom sib xyaw los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij
Thaum koj tuaj yeem sib xyaw koj tus kheej lub ntsej muag tawm ntawm cov hmoov qhuav uas muaj silica, alumina, ntau yam hauv av, thiab dej, ua li ntawd yuav tsum muaj lub npog ntsej muag ua pa kom tsis txhob nqus tau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov av iav. Kev sib xyaw ua ntej glazes tsawg dua yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem thaum tua ib yam nkaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj tsis tau sib xyaw koj tus kheej ci ua ntej.
Kauj Ruam 4. Xav txog glazes raws li lawv qhov kub thiab txias
Cov glazes sib txawv xav kom tua ntawm qhov kub sib txawv los teeb tsa kom raug rau lub hom phiaj. Tsis txhob siv ob lub ntsej muag uas xav tau kub sib txawv ntawm qhov kub ntawm ib yam khoom, lossis koj yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo tawg lub lauj kaub tais diav.
Kev ntsuas kub tuaj yeem teev npe yooj yim li "siab" lossis "qis", lossis raug xa mus ua "lub khob hliav qab 04", "lub khob hliav qab 6", thiab lwm yam. Cov kev ntsuas no hais txog cov lauj kaub tais diav ua los ntawm cov av nplaum sib txawv, uas ua rau kub sib txawv hauv qhov cub. Yog tias av nplaum raug rho tawm rau lub khob hliav qab tsis raug nws yuav yaj thiab puas lwm yam duab kos hauv qhov cub
Kauj Ruam 5. Paub txog cov khoom xyaw glaze uas tsis zoo
Nug cov glaze ua los ntawm ua ntej yuav khoom. Cov hmoov lead ntau dhau tsis pom zoo rau cov khoom uas yuav cuam tshuam nrog zaub mov lossis dej haus. Cov tshuaj pleev xim rau txhua yam tsis pom zoo yog tias cov menyuam koom nrog hauv txheej txheej ci lossis nkag mus rau thaj chaw koj yuav khaws cov glazes. Yog tias koj tab tom ua haujlwm hauv zej zog studio, nug seb lub ntsej muag twg yog qhov khoom noj muaj kev nyab xeeb yog tias koj lub hom phiaj yuav cuam tshuam nrog zaub mov lossis dej haus.
Lead-based underglazes nrog kev tiv thaiv uas tsis yog cov hlau lead ntau dhau tej zaum yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum pib, yog tias cov glaze raug rho tawm kom raug. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau lead yuav pib ya los ntawm cov glaze tom qab siv ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov nplais feem ntau tau txhuam los yog raug rau cov zaub mov muaj kua qaub xws li txiv lws suav. Tsis txhob siv lub tais tam sim yog tias koj pom hmoov lossis tawg ntawm qhov ci ci nto
Kauj Ruam 6. Paub tias koj tuaj yeem ci koj daim hauv ntau txoj kev sib txawv
Txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws yog kom ci nws nrog ib txheej ntawm cov xim ci, tab sis ntau tus neeg nyiam ncaj qha siv cov xim nrog underglazes thiab npog qhov ntawd nrog qhov ci ntsa iab. Glazes hloov pauv ntau tom qab raug rho tawm haujlwm, vim yog txoj hauv kev thov, piv txwv li. txhuam, dipping, lossis txhuam hniav, thiab tshuaj lom neeg uas tshwm sim hauv qhov cub thaum lub sijhawm tua hluav taws. Underglazes tsis hloov pauv qhov tshwm sim zoo li glazes tom qab tua, thiab nws yooj yim kom tau txais cov kab ncaj ncaj thaum siv underglazes. Yog tias koj xaiv qis qis koj daim, yuav ib lossis ntau dua underglazes raws li lawv cov xim tom qab tua. Underglazes tuaj nyob hauv ntau yam xim thiab npaj rau kho kom zoo nkauj lossis pleev xim rau ib yam khoom. Koj tuaj yeem siv ntau xim ntawm underglazes raws li koj nyiam kho koj lub lauj kaub. Saib cov xim ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom daim duab ci kom pom cov piv txwv ntawm cov xim qis lossis glazes 'xim kawg. Tsis txhob xav tias lub ntsej muag raug rho tawm haujlwm yuav zoo ib yam li nws tshwm sim ua ntej tua.
Kauj Ruam 7. Yuav ib lub thoob
Overglaze tsim kom muaj qhov ci ci, tiv thaiv kev ua tiav saum npoo ntawm qhov khoom. Xaiv qhov ci ntsa iab uas yuav tsis zais cov xim ntawm cov xim qis, lossis yog tias koj tsis siv cov underglazes, xaiv cov xim dhau ntawm cov xim.
Nco tseg: Raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no, koj yuav tsum siv glazes uas hluav taws kub tib yam yog tias koj siv ntau lub glazes ntawm ib yam khoom. Yog tias koj tua hluav taws kub ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis raug, koj lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem puas
Ntu 2 ntawm 4: Npaj Lub Hom Phiaj thiab Glazes
Kauj Ruam 1. Cov pob zeb ua pob zeb los yog qhov tsis zoo tawm ntawm qhov chaw
Yog tias koj pom ib qho pob ntawm cov khoom uas tsis xav tias yuav tsum muaj, koj tuaj yeem xuab zeb lawv tawm siv 100 cov ntawv xuab zeb kom txog thaum koj tsim lub ntsej muag du. Nco ntsoov so cov khoom tom qab nrog daim txhuam cev ntub kom tshem tawm cov hmoov av uas tau tsim thaum ua xuab zeb.
Yog tias koj yuav ib yam khoom uas xav tau rau ci, feem ntau yog tias tsis yog txhua yam tsis zoo yuav tsum raug tshem tawm. Thaum txhuam ib daim bisqueware koj yuav tsim cov hmoov av uas yuav tsum tau siv lub NIOSH pom zoo ua pa ua pa. Siv cov ntawv ntub dej ntub los yog cov ntawv ntub/qhuav kom tsis txhob tsim hmoov av
Kauj Ruam 2. So cov ceramic nrog daim txhuam cev ntub ua ntej koj pib thiab thaum twg los xij nws tau qias neeg
Cia nws qhuav. Ua ntej koj pib, thiab thaum twg cov kua nplaum ua qias neeg lossis koj siv cov nplaum ntau dhau, so nrog daim txhuam cev ntub thiab tso nws kom qhuav ua ntej sim siv cov glaze. Tsis txhob yaug dej los yog tso dej ntau dhau rau hauv cov khoom siv. Siv txhua sab ntawm daim txhuam cev me ntsis kom nws huv li sai tau; koj yuav xav muaj ob peb ntawm tes.
Nco ntsoov, koj yuav tsum txo qis cov av lossis roj ntawm cov ceramic los ntawm kev hnav cov hnab looj tes pov tseg thaum twg koj tuav nws
Kauj Ruam 3. Thov siv quav ciab rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm koj lub hom phiaj, thiab nyob qhov twg ob qhov tshem tawm qhov chaw tau ntsib
Cov txheej ntawm cov ciab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob lo lo rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov ceramic, qhov uas nws yuav "nplaum" koj cov khoom mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov cub. Vim tib yam, siv cov ciab rau ntawm ntug qhov twg lub hau kov, lossis lwm qhov twg ntxiv ob daim sib txawv yuav kov thaum tua. Thaum qee tus neeg siv tshuaj yaj yeeb siv me ntsis ua kom sov paraffin siv quav ciab rau lub hom phiaj no, kev nyab xeeb dua thiab tsis hnov ntxhiab yog "siv quav ciab tiv" tsim los rau lub hom phiaj no ntawm cov khw ceramic lossis qee lub khw muag khoom kos duab. Koj tuaj yeem thov siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab siv nws nrog txhuam txhuam. Khaws cov txhuam no cais ntawm koj lub ntsej muag.
- Cov xaum xim tuaj yeem rub rau ntawm qhov khoom los tsim cov xim pleev xim, tab sis muaj peev xwm ua tau tias cov xim hauv cov xim av crayon xaus rau ntawm koj cov tais diav.
- Yog tias koj yog cov tais diav ci nrog cov menyuam yaus, koj tuaj yeem pom nws yooj yim hla cov kauj ruam no thiab kub kua nplaum rau cov menyuam cov khoom ci rau cov av nplaum tam sim ua ntej tua, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ci. Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhuam daim txhuam cev tawm ntawm qhov ci ntau dhau los ntawm koj daim lossis daim npog qhov ncauj nrog daim kab xev lossis ntawv tiv tauj.
Kauj Ruam 4. Yog tias koj tab tom sib tov koj cov glazes, ua raws cov lus qhia thiab txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb kom zoo
Kev npaj ua kom sib xyaw ua ke tau pom zoo rau koj thawj ob peb qhov haujlwm (tsawg kawg) vim muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib xyaw koj tus kheej ci. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab los sib tov cov hmoov qhuav qhuav nrog dej, ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom qhia kom zoo lossis koj cov glaze yuav tsis ua tiav cov yam ntxwv xav tau. Ib txwm hnav daim npog qhov ncauj ua pa kom tsis txhob nqus cov pa qhuav qhuav, thiab ua haujlwm sab nraud lossis hauv chav uas muaj cua nkag tau zoo. Tsis txhob cia ib tus neeg nyob ze thaj chaw ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj daim npog qhov ncauj ua pa. Cov hnab looj tes thiab tsom iav kev nyab xeeb raug pom zoo. Muas lub tshuab nqus pa kom raug thiab kom koj tus kheej haum rau kev ntsuas hnav lub tshuab nqus pa. Ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm tseem pom zoo tias koj yuav tsum mus kuaj mob ntsws.
Thaum tag nrho cov lus qhia tsis suav nrog ntawm no vim muaj kev hloov pauv sib txawv glaze sib xyaw, koj yuav xav tau dej, rab diav ntev, thiab ntsuas ntsuas dej kom ntsuas qhov ntom ntom, lossis "qhov nqus tshwj xeeb", ntawm qhov ci. Nws kuj tseem pab kom muaj cov sib tov sib xyaw (siv rau sib xyaw xim), roj hmab spatula, ob lub ntim (qhov loj me rau qhov kawg ntawm cov glaze), nplai, thiab cov ntxaij lim dej zoo 60-120 mesh, nyob ntawm koj daim ntawv qhia
Ntu 3 ntawm 4: Thov Glaze
Kauj Ruam 1. Muab txhua lub ci ci kom huv si
Txawm hais tias koj yuav cov iav ua ntej sib xyaw ua ke, lawv yuav xav kom rov qab los rau lawv kom zoo ib yam ua ntej koj thov lawv. Ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm lub ntim thiab ua kom txog thaum tsis muaj cov dej ntws los hauv qab lossis txheej dej nyob saum. Tej zaum koj yuav xav deflocculate koj cov glaze nrog Epsom ntsev. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim no yuav khaws cov sludge sib sau ua ntu zus. Sau lub khob me me nrog 1/4 khob lossis 60ml dej rau 5 nkas loos thoob dej, maj mam nphoo Epsom ntsev rau hauv dej thiab do, ntxiv ntsev kom txog thaum nws puv (thaum koj muaj ntsev txaus hauv dej nws yuav tsis ntev dua), thaum koj pom ntsev hauv qab ntawm koj lub khob koj tau mus txog qhov raug tshem tawm. Ntxiv cov kua no rau koj cov glaze thiab ua kom tiav.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ncuav txhua lub ci ci rau hauv lub tais me me nrog nws tus txhuam
Khaws txhua xim sib cais thiab siv txhuam sib txawv kom tsis txhob sib xyaw lawv. Ncuav lawv rau hauv lub thawv me me es tsis yog txhuam txhuam ncaj qha rau hauv lub thawv. Qhov no pab ua kom cov glaze uas seem huv rau cov haujlwm tom ntej.
Kauj Ruam 3. Thov txhuam txhuam hauv qab
Kho kom zoo nkauj cov khoom txawm li cas los xij koj xav siv txhuam txhuam hauv qab qhov muag. Qhov no yog txheej txheem qhib, thiab koj tuaj yeem xaiv kom muaj tswv yim thiab ntab, flick, lossis txawm txau cov glaze rau yog tias koj xav tau cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv ntau dua li txhuam txhuam. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem lees txais los npog tag nrho saum npoo nrog ib qho kev saib tsis zoo yog tias koj xav tau cov xim yooj yim, tawv.
- Nco ntsoov xim kawg ntawm txhua qhov ci thaum koj xaiv koj tus qauv.
- Kev tso dej kom txhob txwm siv ntau rau cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo nkauj, tab sis nco ntsoov tias cov tuab tuab tuaj yeem hloov qhov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov tais diav thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tsis raug.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tshem tawm cov glaze uas tsis xav tau nrog cov khoom hlau
Yog tias koj siv cov nplaum rau qhov chaw tsis raug, lossis yog tias nws pib nqhis dej, txhuam nws nrog rab riam lossis lwm yam khoom siv hlau. So nrog ib daim ntaub ntub dej tom qab.
Tsis txhob siv rab riam lossis lwm yam khoom siv rau lub hom phiaj ntsig txog khoom noj, tom qab siv nws los ci lossis tsim cov duab kos.
Kauj Ruam 1. Glaze sab hauv ntawm cov khoob khoob nrog qhov qhib nqaim
Yog tias koj tab tom ci lub lauj kaub tais diav, khob, lossis lwm yam khoom uas muaj sab hauv, nws yuav nyuaj rau pom sab hauv lossis ncav nrog txhuam. Hloov chaw, koj tuaj yeem hliv me me ntawm cov ci ci sab hauv thiab yob cov khoom ib puag ncig hauv koj txhais tes gloved kom siv nws tusyees.
Kauj Ruam 2. Cia txhua txheej glaze qhuav ua ntej thov tom ntej
Ua ntej koj sim siv cov xim sib txawv ntawm underglaze, lossis qhov kawg ci dhau, koj yuav tsum tau tos koj cov khoom siv ceramic kom qhuav. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim sai dua yog tias koj khaws nws hauv ib cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua ntws zoo. Tsis txhob siv hom glaze tshiab kom txog thaum cov kua nplaum qub tsis zoo li ci thiab ntub, thiab tsis txhuam thaum koj txhuam nws.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem underglaze los ntawm kev thov cov taws tswm ciab
Yog tias koj muaj ob txhais tes ntawm tus kws nplawm tus nplaig, txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws kom ua tiav qhov no yog khaws cov khoom nrog tus pas thiab poob rau hauv lub ntim uas tuav qhov ci dhau ib rau peb vib nas this. Yog tias koj xav tau cov tuab tuab, ua kom zoo dua qub, muab cov khoom ntim rau lub sijhawm luv, tso kom qhuav tag nrho, tom qab ntawd dua. Koj tuaj yeem poob ntau zaus, tab sis lub sijhawm thov tag nrho ntawm txhua qhov dips yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj peb feeb.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem txhuam ntawm qhov kub dhau. Ua qhov no kom cov nplaim npog tag nrog txheej nyias. Nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tso cov ceramic kom qhuav thiab siv txheej txheej thib ob kom zoo dua kom siv cov nplaum ntau dhau hauv ib qho
Kauj Ruam 4. So cov glaze los ntawm qhov chaw uas yuav ua rau lub cub tawg
Tsis tas li, so lawv los ntawm cov chaw uas yuav tiv nrog lwm cov khoom siv hauv cov cub, xws li lub hau. Yog tias koj npog lub hauv paus lossis lwm thaj chaw nrog siv quav ciab lossis lwm qhov tiv thaiv, nws yuav yooj yim los so tawm ib qho glaze drips uas yuav txwv tsis pub xa koj cov khoom mus rau hauv pem teb ntawm lub qhov cub. Siv daim txhuam cev huv, ntub. Yog tias koj tsis siv qhov kev tawm tsam, koj tuaj yeem siv daim txhuam txhuam txhuam (zoo li cov uas siv los txhuam cov tais diav) kom tshem cov ci ntau dhau.
- So tawm glaze los ntawm cov nplaim paj no tom qab txhua daim ntawv thov ci, ua ntej nws qhuav.
- Yog tias koj cov glaze zoo li ntws los lossis ntuav hnyav, koj tuaj yeem xav tawm hauv qab 1/4inch (6mm) lossis ntau dua ntawm cov khoom ob sab tsis pom kev. Txawm tias ntau tus kws tshaj lij txuj ci ua qhov no.
Ntu 4 ntawm 4: Tua Hluav Taws
Kauj Ruam 1. Tshawb nrhiav lub qhov cub uas siv tau rau pej xeem
Kev yuav koj tus kheej lub cub tawg tuaj yeem kim. Yog tias koj nyob ze ib puag ncig hauv nroog, muaj qhov yuav zoo li lub lauj kaub tais diav uas tso cai rau leej twg los xauj chaw hauv qhov cub. Tshawb nrhiav hauv online rau cov kilns hauv koj cheeb tsam, lossis rau cov khoom siv tais diav uas koj tuaj yeem tiv toj thiab muab xaum rau qhov chaw kiln.
Yog tias koj nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas, cov npe ntawm cov kilns no yuav pab tau, txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam ntxiv uas tsis tau teev npe
Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav kev pab yog tias koj xav yuav lossis siv koj lub cub tawg
Yog tias koj xav tau yuav ib lub kiln ntawm tus kheej, koj yuav zaum xav tau lub qhov cub hluav taws xob ntau dua. Muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab, suav nrog kev siv nyiaj, txuas xov tooj, thiab cov cuab yeej twg ntxiv los yuav. Kev ua Kiln yog qhov nyuaj thiab muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai, thiab koj tuaj yeem xav nrhiav tus kws paub txog txuj ci coj los qhia koj txog thawj ob peb zaug koj siv nws.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tua cov glaze raws li cov lus qhia
Glazes yog qhov kub tsawg lossis kub siab, thiab tua lawv ntawm qhov chaw tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau cov pob zeb tawg los yog cov glaze ua tsis tiav. Nco ntsoov tias lub qhov cub uas koj siv tau teeb tsa kom raug "lub khob hliav qab" raws li tau piav qhia ntawm cov ntim ntim.
Yog tias koj tab tom tso koj cov khoom siv ceramic ntawm lub studio rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kom tua tom qab, suav nrog daim ntawv qhia ntxaws txog qhov ntsuas kub. Tsis txhob xa daim ntawv no ncaj qha mus rau cov khoom ci
Kauj Ruam 4. Rov qab tau koj cov ceramic tom qab ob peb hnub, raws li lub studio teem sijhawm
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev sib txawv los ua lub cub tawg, thiab qee cov txheej txheem yuav xav tau sijhawm ntau dua li lwm qhov. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum tso cai tsawg kawg 24-48 teev rau kev tua ua ntej koj lub hom phiaj npaj. Yog tias lub qhov cub tau siv los ntawm ntau tus neeg, koj lub hom phiaj yuav tsis npaj txhij rau ib lub lis piam lossis ob hlis. Thaum nws tau ua tiav kev tua thiab ua kom txias tag nrho, koj lub hom phiaj yuav tsum tau npaj txhij los tsev thiab qhuas.
Nco ntsoov tias koj cov ciab yuav tsum hlawv tawm hauv qhov cub. Yog tias muaj qhov seem ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv uas txhais tau tias koj tau siv qee yam uas tsis tau hlawv ntawm 1000 degrees Fahrenheit, thiab koj yuav tsum tau nrhiav qhov sib txawv tiv thaiv cov khoom tom ntej
Lub tswv yim
- Ntxuav koj cov ntaub ntawv kom ntau li ntau tau kom tsis txhob sib xyaw cov khoom. Khaws koj cov txhuam txhuam thiab txhuam txhuam cais tshwj tsis yog ntxuav tas li ntawm kev siv.
- Muaj ntau pua hom tais diav thiab ci. Cov kws paub txog cov tais diav los yog phau ntawv qhia khoom siv tais diav tshwj xeeb yuav tuaj yeem qhia koj ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ceramic lossis tsim cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb nrog cov glaze.
