Tsis zoo li cov neeg tawm tsam, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv ntau yam lej los piav qhia lawv tus yam ntxwv. Lub cev muaj zog me me tshwj xeeb yog nyuaj rau nyeem, vim qhov chaw muaj tsawg rau kev luam ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv kab lus no yuav tsum pab koj nyeem yuav luag txhua tus neeg siv khoom siv niaj hnub no. Tsis txhob poob siab yog tias koj cov ntaub ntawv raug luam tawm hauv qhov kev txiav txim sib txawv dua li qhov tau piav qhia ntawm no, lossis yog tias cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob thiab kam rau ua ploj lawm los ntawm koj lub capacitor. Rau ntau qhov hluav taws xob qis DIY Circuit Court, cov ntaub ntawv nkaus xwb koj xav tau yog lub peev xwm.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Nyeem Cov Capacitors Loj
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub cov chav ntsuas
Lub hauv paus ntawm lub peev xwm yog farad (F). Tus nqi no loj heev rau cov hluav taws xob zoo ib yam, yog li cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau sau nrog ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- 1 - F, uF ua, los yog mF ua = 1 microfarad = 10-6 cov nyob deb. (Ceev faj - hauv lwm cov ntsiab lus, mF yog cov ntawv luv rau millifarads, lossis 10-3 farads.)
- 1 nF = 1 nanofarad = 10-9 cov nyob deb.
- 1 pF ua, hli mmF, los yog uuF = 1 picofarad = 1 micromicrofarad = 10-12 cov nyob deb.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nyeem qhov peev xwm
Feem ntau cov capacitors loj muaj tus nqi peev txheej sau rau ntawm ib sab. Kev hloov pauv me ntsis yog ib txwm muaj, yog li saib rau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ua kom haum cov chav nyob saum toj no. Koj yuav xav tau kho rau cov hauv qab no:
- Tsis quav ntsej cov tsiaj ntawv loj hauv chav nyob. Piv txwv li, "MF" tsuas yog kev hloov pauv ntawm "mf." (Nws yog qhov tseeb tsis yog megafarad, txawm hais tias qhov no yog lub npe SI ntawv luv.)
- Tsis txhob muab pov tseg los ntawm "fd." Nov tsuas yog lwm lub npe luv rau farad. Piv txwv li, "mmfd" zoo ib yam li "mmf."
- Ceev faj cov ntawv ib tus cim xws li "475m," feem ntau pom ntawm cov khoom me me. Ua li hauv qab no rau cov lus qhia.
Kauj Ruam 3. Saib kom muaj nuj nqis
Qee lub tshuab hluav taws xob sau npe ua siab ntev, lossis ntau qhov kev cia siab ntau hauv cov peev txheej piv rau nws cov npe teev tseg. Qhov no tsis tseem ceeb hauv txhua qhov kev sib tw, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov no yog tias koj xav tau tus nqi ncaj qha. Piv txwv li, lub capacitor sau tias "6000uF +50%/ - 70%" tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm ua tau siab txog 6000uF + (6000 * 0.5) = 9000uF, lossis qis li 6000 uF - (6000uF * 0.7) = 1800uF.
Yog tias tsis muaj qhov feem pua teev tseg, nrhiav ib tsab ntawv tom qab tus nqi peev txheej lossis ntawm nws tus kheej kab. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog tus lej rau qhov ua siab ntev, piav qhia hauv qab no
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb xyuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob
Yog tias muaj chav nyob ntawm lub cev ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov chaw tsim khoom feem ntau teev cov hluav taws xob raws li tus lej ua raws V, VDC, VDCW, lossis WV (rau "Ua Haujlwm Voltage"). Qhov no yog qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov hluav taws xob tau tsim los tuav.
- 1 kV = 1,000,000 V
- Saib hauv qab no yog tias koj xav tias koj lub peev xwm siv tus lej rau qhov hluav taws xob (ib tsab ntawv lossis ib tus lej thiab ib tsab ntawv). Yog tias tsis muaj lub cim tag nrho, tseg lub hau rau cov hluav taws xob qis hauv hluav taws xob nkaus xwb.
- Yog tias koj tab tom tsim hluav taws xob AC, saib rau lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb rau VAC. Tsis txhob siv DC capacitor tshwj tsis yog tias koj muaj kev paub tob txog kev hloov pauv qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, thiab yuav siv hom capacitor li cas kom nyab xeeb hauv daim ntawv thov AC.
Kauj Ruam 5. Saib rau + lossis - kos npe
Yog tias koj pom ib qho ntawm cov no nyob ib sab ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg, lub capacitor yog polarized. Nco ntsoov txuas lub capacitor's + kawg rau sab zoo ntawm Circuit Court, lossis lub capacitor tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm luv lossis txawm tias tawg. Yog tias tsis muaj + lossis -, koj tuaj yeem taw qhia lub capacitor ib txoj kev.
Qee lub tshuab hluav taws xob siv cov xim xim lossis lub ntsej muag zoo li lub ntsej muag kev nyuaj siab los qhia qhov sib txawv. Kev lig kev cai, lub cim no qhia txog qhov kawg ntawm ib qho txhuas electrolytic capacitor (uas feem ntau zoo li tus zoo li cov kaus poom). Ntawm tantalum electrolytic capacitors (uas yog qhov me me), lub cim no xaiv tus + kawg. (Tsis quav ntsej lub bar yog tias nws cuam tshuam nrog + lossis - kos npe, lossis yog tias nws nyob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis siv hluav taws xob.)
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Nyeem Compact Capacitor Codes
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau thawj ob tus lej ntawm lub peev xwm
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qub tsis muaj peev xwm kwv yees tau, tab sis yuav luag txhua qhov piv txwv niaj hnub siv EIA tus qauv txheej txheem thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me dhau los sau tawm lub peev xwm tag nrho. Txhawm rau pib, sau thawj ob tus lej, tom qab ntawv txiav txim siab yuav ua dab tsi ntxiv raws li koj tus lej:
- Yog tias koj tus lej pib nrog ob tus lej raws tus ntawv (piv txwv li 44M), thawj ob tus lej yog tus lej peev txheej tag nrho. Hla mus nrhiav cov chav nyob.
- Yog tias ib ntawm thawj ob tus cim yog tsab ntawv, hla mus rau kab ntawv.
- Yog thawj peb tus cim yog txhua tus lej, txuas ntxiv mus rau kauj ruam tom ntej.
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv tus lej thib peb los ua tus lej xoom
Peb tus lej tus lej muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm raws li hauv qab no:
- Yog tus lej thib peb yog 0 txog 6, ntxiv tias ntau tus xoom mus rau qhov kawg ntawm tus lej. (Piv txwv, 453 → 45 x 103 → 45, 000.)
- Yog tus lej thib peb yog 8, sib npaug los ntawm 0.01. (xws li 278 → 27 x 0.01 → 0.27)
- Yog tus lej thib peb yog 9, sib npaug los ntawm 0.1. (xws li 309 → 30 x 0.1 → 3.0)
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua haujlwm tawm cov peev txheej los ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws capacitors (ua los ntawm tej hub, zaj duab xis, lossis tantalum) siv chav ntawm picofarads (pF), sib npaug rau 10-12 cov nyob deb. Cov capacitors loj dua (hom cylindrical aluminium electrolyte lossis hom ob txheej) siv chav microfarads (uF lossis µF), sib npaug li 10-6 cov nyob deb.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hla qhov no los ntawm kev ntxiv ib chav tom qab nws (p rau picofarad, n rau nanofarad, lossis u rau microfarad). Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsuas muaj ib tsab ntawv tom qab tus lej, qhov no feem ntau yog qhov ua siab ntev, tsis yog chav nyob. (P thiab N yog cov lej tsis kam lees, tab sis lawv muaj nyob.)
Kauj Ruam 4. Nyeem cov lej uas muaj cov tsiaj ntawv hloov. Yog tias koj cov cai suav nrog ib tsab ntawv ua ib ntawm thawj ob tus cim, muaj peb txoj hauv kev:
- Yog tias tsab ntawv yog R, hloov nws nrog tus lej zauv kom tau txais lub peev xwm hauv pF. Piv txwv, 4R1 txhais tau tias yog lub peev xwm ntawm 4.1pF.
- Yog tias tsab ntawv yog p, n, lossis u, qhov no qhia rau koj txog chav (pico-, nano-, lossis microfarad). Hloov tsab ntawv no nrog tus lej zauv. Piv txwv li, n61 txhais tau tias yog 0.61 nF, thiab 5u2 txhais tau tias yog 5.2 uF.
- Ib tus lej zoo li "1A253" yog qhov tseeb ob tus lej. 1A qhia koj qhov hluav taws xob, thiab 253 qhia koj lub peev xwm raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nyeem txoj cai kam rau ntawm cov capacitors ceramic
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas feem ntau yog me me "pancakes" nrog ob tus pin, feem ntau teev cov kev ua siab ntev ua ib tsab ntawv tam sim tom qab tus lej peb tus lej muaj peev xwm. Tsab ntawv no sawv cev rau kev ua siab ntev ntawm lub capacitor, txhais tau tias ze li cas tus nqi tiag tiag ntawm lub capacitor tuaj yeem xav tias yuav yog tus nqi qhia ntawm lub capacitor. Yog tias qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv koj lub Circuit Court, txhais cov cai no raws li hauv qab no:
- B = ± 0.1 pF.
- C = ± 0.25 pF.
- D = ± 0.5 pF rau cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas qis dua 10 pF, lossis ± 0.5% rau cov capacitors siab dua 10 pF.
- F = ± 1 pF lossis ± 1% (tib yam li D saum toj no).
- G = ± 2 pF lossis ± 2% (saib saum toj no).
- J = ± 5%.
- K = ± 10%.
- M = ± 20%.
- Z = +80% / -20% (Yog tias koj pom tsis muaj qhov ua siab ntev teev tseg, xav tias qhov no yog qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj.)
Kauj Ruam 6. Nyeem tsab ntawv-tus lej-tsab ntawv kam rau ua qhov tseem ceeb
Ntau hom capacitors sawv cev rau kev ua siab ntev nrog ntau yam ntxiv peb lub cim cim. Txhais qhov no raws li hauv qab no:
- Thawj lub cim qhia pom qhov kub tsawg. Z = 10ºC, Y = -30ºC, X = -55 ºC
-
Lub cim thib ob qhia txog qhov siab tshaj plaws.
Kauj ruam 2. = 45ºC
Kauj ruam 4. = 65 ºC
Kauj ruam 5. = 85 hli
Kauj ruam 6. = 105ºC
Kauj ruam 7. = 125 hli
- Lub cim thib peb qhia pom qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm hla qhov ntsuas kub no. Qhov no txawv ntawm qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, A = ± 1.0%, kom qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, V = +22.0%/-82%. R, ib qho ntawm cov cim feem ntau, sawv cev rau kev hloov pauv ntawm%15%.
Kauj Ruam 7. Txhais cov lej ntsuas hluav taws xob. Koj tuaj yeem saib EIA daim ntawv qhia hluav taws xob rau daim ntawv teev npe tag nrho, tab sis feem ntau cov capacitors siv ib qho ntawm cov lej hauv qab no rau qhov siab tshaj plaws (qhov txiaj ntsig muab rau DC capacitors nkaus xwb):
- 0J = 6.3V
- 1A = 10 VVVV
- 1C = 16 VVVV
- 1E = 25V
- 1H = 50V
- 2A = 100V
- 2D ua = 200V
- 2E = 250V
- Ib tsab ntawv tus lej yog cov ntawv luv ntawm ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig saum toj no. Yog tias muaj ntau qhov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem siv (xws li 1A lossis 2A), koj yuav tsum tau ua nws tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
- Txog kev kwv yees ntawm lwm tus, tsawg dua cov lej, saib thawj tus lej. 0 npog qhov tseem ceeb tsawg dua kaum; 1 mus ntawm kaum mus rau 99; 2 mus ntawm 100 txog 999; thiab ntxiv rau.
Kauj Ruam 8. Saib lwm lub tshuab
Cov capacitors qub lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua rau cov kws tshaj lij siv yuav siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Cov no tsis suav nrog hauv kab lus no, tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus qhia no los coj koj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv:
- Yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj ib tus lej ntev pib nrog "CM" lossis "DM," saib hauv Asmeskas daim ntawv qhia tub rog.
- Yog tias tsis muaj txoj cai tab sis cov kab xim sib txawv lossis cov cim, saib cov ntawv xim xim.
Lub tswv yim
- Nco ntsoov ntsuas lub peev xwm yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem nyeem cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub capacitor.
- Tus capacitor tseem tuaj yeem teev cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav tsum txhawb nqa qhov hluav taws xob siab dua li lub Circuit Court koj siv nws; txwv tsis pub, nws yuav tawg (tej zaum yuav tawg) hauv kev ua haujlwm
- 1, 000, 000 picoFarads (pF) sib npaug 1 microFarad (µF). Muaj ntau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws nyob ze rau thaj chaw hla no thiab tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau siv ib qho kev xaiv chav nyob. Piv txwv li, 10, 000 pF cap feem ntau hu ua 0.01 uF.
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Txawm hais tias koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub peev xwm los ntawm cov duab thiab qhov loj ib leeg, koj tuaj yeem kwv yees ntawm qhov ntxhib raws li yuav siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob li cas:
- Cov capacitors loj tshaj plaws hauv lub TV saib yog nyob hauv lub hwj chim. Txhua tus tuaj yeem muaj lub peev xwm siab txog 400 txog 1, 000 µF, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus yog tias ua tsis raug.
- Cov capacitors loj hauv lub xov tooj cua qub yog ib puag ncig ntawm 1-200 µF.
- Ceramic capacitors feem ntau me dua koj tus ntiv tes xoo thiab txuas rau hauv Circuit Court nrog ob tus pin. Siv hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, lawv ib txwm muaj txij li 1 nF txog 1 µF, thiab qee zaum txog li 100 µF.
