Kev sau cov duab yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau xov xwm. Cov kab lus yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb thiab qhia. Qhov tseeb, cov neeg nyeem feem ntau nyiam saib cov duab, thiab tom qab ntawd cov kab lus, hauv zaj dab neeg ua ntej lawv txiav txim siab seb lawv puas xav nyeem zaj dab neeg nws tus kheej. Siv cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no los pab sau kab lus uas yuav ua rau tus nyeem txaus txaus los nyeem zaj dab neeg.
Cov kauj ruam
Caption Sau Ntawv Pab
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Cov Duab Zoo Tshaj Plaws
Txhawb wikiHow thiab qhib tag nrho cov qauv.
Tej Yam Yuav Tsum Ua Hauv Cov Ntawv Teev Npe Photojournalism
Txhawb wikiHow thiab qhib tag nrho cov qauv.
Qauv Cov Ntawv Sau Txog Kev Sau Xov Xwm
Txhawb wikiHow thiab qhib tag nrho cov qauv.
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Kawm Paub Txog Lub Hauv Paus
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb xyuas koj qhov tseeb
Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txhua hom kev sau xov xwm yog qhov raug. Yog tias koj siv cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug, zaj dab neeg lossis yees duab poob kev ntseeg siab. Ua ntej rub tawm lossis luam tawm ib daim duab kab lus, nco ntsoov tias koj tau tshuaj xyuas tias txhua yam uas tau hais hauv kab lus yog qhov raug.
Tsis txhob luam cov ntawv tsis raug yog tias koj muaj teeb meem tshuaj xyuas koj qhov tseeb, vim tias koj tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov chaw tsim nyog, lossis vim tias koj nyob rau lub sijhawm kawg. Nws zoo dua tso cov ntaub ntawv tawm yog tias koj tsis paub tseeb tias nws raug
TSWV YIM TSHUAJ
Heather Gallagher
Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Tshaj Xov Xwm & Tus Kws Yees Duab Heather Gallagher yog Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Xov Xwm & Tus Kws Yees Duab raws li hauv Austin, Texas. Nws khiav nws tus kheej lub studio yees duab lub npe"
Heather Gallagher
Professional Photojournalist & Photographer
Our Expert Agrees:
In photojournalism, it's important that your captions be as objective and descriptive as possible. Try not to put your own emotions into it-just tell a factual story.
Kauj Ruam 2. Piav txog qee yam uas tsis pom tseeb
Yog tias daim duab kab lus yooj yim piav qhia qhov pom hauv daim duab, nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Yog tias koj muaj daim duab ntawm lub hnub poob thiab cov lus yooj yim yog "hnub poob" koj tsis ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau tus nyeem ntawv. Hloov chaw, piav qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab uas tsis pom tseeb, zoo li qhov chaw nyob, lub sijhawm ntawm hnub lossis xyoo, lossis cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb uas tau tshwm sim.
- Piv txwv li, yog tias koj muaj daim duab hnub poob koj yuav xav sau nws li: "Pacific ntug dej hiav txwv hnub poob, Lub Peb Hlis 2016, los ntawm Long Beach, Vancouver Island."
- Tsis txhob siv lo lus xws li: "tau qhia," "yog duab," "thiab saib rau," lossis "saum toj no."
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsis txhob pib kab lus nrog qee lo lus
Cov ntawv sau npe yuav tsum tsis txhob pib nrog cov lus 'a,' 'an,' lossis 'the.' Cov lus no yooj yim heev thiab siv chav sau cov lus tseem ceeb thaum lawv tsis tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, es tsis txhob hais tias: "Lub xiav xiav nyob hauv hav zoov;" hais yooj yim: "Blue jay ya los ntawm hav zoov."
- Tsis tas li, tsis txhob pib lub npe nrog ib tus neeg lub npe, pib cov lus piav qhia nrog kev piav qhia ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd suav nrog lub npe. Piv txwv li, tsis txhob hais tias: "Stan Theman ze Sunshine Meadow Park." Xwb hais tias: "Jogger Stan Theman ze Sunshine Meadow Park."
- Thaum txheeb xyuas qhov twg ib tus neeg nyob hauv daim duab, koj tuaj yeem hais "los ntawm sab laug." Koj tsis tas yuav hais "los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis."
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb xyuas cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv daim duab
Yog tias koj daim duab suav nrog cov neeg tseem ceeb, txheeb xyuas lawv yog leej twg. Yog tias koj paub lawv lub npe, suav nrog lawv (tshwj tsis yog lawv tau thov kom tsis qhia npe). Yog tias koj tsis paub lawv lub npe, tej zaum koj yuav xav piav qhia tias lawv yog leej twg (piv txwv li “cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm txoj kev ntawm Washington, DC”).
- Thaum nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau hais, nco ntsoov ib qho thiab txhua lub npe uas koj siv tau sau kom raug thiab muaj lub npe raug.
- Yog tias daim duab suav nrog pab pawg ntawm tib neeg, lossis qee tus neeg uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog zaj dab neeg (piv txwv li lawv lub npe tsis tas yuav qhia zaj dab neeg), koj tsis tas yuav sau npe txhua tus hauv kab lus.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau
Cov lus qhia no mus ntawm tes thiab tes nrog qhov raug. Yog tias koj tsis paub meej tias daim duab tau yees duab qhov twg, lossis leej twg nyob hauv daim duab, tshawb nrhiav. Qhia ib daim duab yam tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus nyeem ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem qhia lawv txog cov ntsiab lus uas tau yees duab.
- Yog tias koj tau ua haujlwm nrog lwm tus neeg sau xov xwm rau zaj dab neeg, tiv toj rau lawv kom paub ntau ntxiv yog xav tau.
- Yog tias koj tab tom sim txheeb xyuas tus neeg tshwj xeeb hauv daim duab, piav qhia qhov twg hauv daim duab lawv yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig heev. Piv txwv li, yog tias Bob Smith tsuas yog ib tus hauv lub kaus mom, koj tuaj yeem hais tias: "Bob Smith, rov qab kab hauv lub kaus mom."
- Thaum tshwj xeeb yog qhov zoo, koj tseem tuaj yeem ua kab lus koj kab lus kom yog li pib dav thiab dhau los tshwj xeeb, lossis pib tshwj xeeb thiab xaus ntau dua. Ob txoj hauv kev ua kom muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, tab sis tsim cov lus yooj yim-rau-npaj.
Kauj Ruam 6. Sau cov duab keeb kwm kom raug
Yog tias koj siv daim duab keeb kwm hauv koj zaj dab neeg, xyuas kom nws tau sau daim ntawv kom raug thiab suav nrog hnub tim (tsawg kawg yog lub xyoo) nws tau siv. Nyob ntawm seb leej twg yog tus tswv ntawm daim duab, koj kuj tseem yuav tsum tau qiv lwm qhov kev yees duab thiab/lossis koom haum (piv txwv li tsev cia puav pheej, khaws cia, thiab lwm yam).
Kauj Ruam 7. Siv lub sijhawm tam sim no hauv kab lus
Vim tias cov duab feem ntau tau qhia ua ib feem ntawm zaj dab neeg yog cov xwm txheej tshwm sim "tam sim no," siv qhov tam sim no hauv kab lus. Ib qho kev zam tshwj xeeb yuav yog cov duab keeb kwm, qhov twg siv lub sijhawm dhau los ua rau muaj kev nkag siab.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txog kev siv lub sijhawm tam sim no yog qhov nws piav qhia qhov kev nkag siab sai thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm daim duab ntawm tus nyeem ntawv
Kauj Ruam 8. Zam kev lom zem thaum daim duab tsis xav ua kom lom zem
Yog tias daim duab koj tab tom sau ntawv yog qhov xwm txheej loj lossis tsis txaus ntseeg, tsis txhob ua kom lom zem hauv kab lus. Cov lus tso dag yuav tsum tsuas yog siv thaum daim duab nws tus kheej yog qhov tso dag lossis ntawm cov xwm txheej lom zem uas tau npaj ua rau tus nyeem ntawv luag.
Kauj Ruam 9. Nco ntsoov ib txwm suav nrog cov qhab nia thiab cov lus hais tawm
Txhua daim duab yuav tsum suav nrog lub npe ntawm tus kws yees duab thiab/lossis lub koom haum uas yog tus tswv duab. Hauv cov ntawv xov xwm thaij duab tiag tiag thiab tshaj tawm, cov duab kuj suav nrog cov ncauj lus qhia ntxaws txog yuav ua li cas yees duab (piv txwv li lub qhov taub, zaj duab xis nrawm, f-nres, lens, thiab lwm yam)
Thaum sau cov qhab nia, koj tsis tas yuav siv lo lus "tau txais txiaj ntsig" lossis "yees duab los ntawm" yog tias cov ntaub ntawv raug nthuav tawm hauv cov xwm txheej zoo ib yam thiab nkag siab. Piv txwv li, tej zaum cov qhab nia ib txwm muaj ntawv qaij lossis yog cov ntawv me me
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Txhim Kho Zaj Dab Neeg nrog Captions
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv kab lus piav qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv yam tshiab
Thaum tus nyeem ntawv saib daim duab lawv feem ntau ntsib nrog qee qhov kev xav thiab qee cov ntaub ntawv (raws li qhov lawv pom hauv daim duab). Cov ntawv sau, tig mus, yuav tsum muab cov ntawv nyeem nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tsis tau paub txog los ntawm kev yooj yim saib ntawm daim duab. Hauv ntej, kab ntawv yuav tsum qhia tus nyeem ib yam dab tsi txog daim duab.
- Cov kab ntawv yuav tsum xav txog tus nyeem ntawv los tshuaj xyuas zaj dab neeg ntxiv thiab nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv.
- Cov ntawv sau yuav tsum tsis txhob rov hais dua ntawm cov dab neeg nws tus kheej. Cov lus piav qhia thiab zaj dab neeg yuav tsum ua kom sib ntxiv thiab tsis txhob rov ua dua.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsis txhob ua cov lus txiav txim
Cov kab lus yuav tsum yog cov ntaub ntawv, tsis yog txiav txim lossis tseem ceeb. Tshwj tsis yog tias koj tuaj yeem tham nrog cov neeg hauv daim duab, thiab nug lawv tias lawv xav li cas lossis xav li cas, tsis txhob xav tias tsuas yog ua rau lawv pom hauv daim duab. Piv txwv li, zam "cov neeg yuav khoom tsis txaus siab tos hauv kab" tshwj tsis yog koj paub tias lawv tsis txaus siab.
Kev sau xov xwm yog lub hom phiaj thiab qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv. Cov neeg sau xov xwm xav tias yuav nthuav qhia qhov tseeb hauv txoj kev tsis muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab tso cai rau tus nyeem ntawv los ua ib qho kev xav
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsis txhob txhawj txog qhov ntev ntawm kab lus
Ib daim duab tuaj yeem hais ib txhiab lo lus, tab sis qee zaum ob peb lo lus yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv daim duab. Yog tias yuav tsum tau piav qhia ntev txhawm rau tso cai rau daim duab kom nkag siab, qhov ntawd tsis ua li cas. Thaum koj xav sim ua kom meej thiab luv li sai tau, tsis txhob txwv cov ntaub ntawv hauv koj cov lus yog tias nws yuav pab tau.
Kauj Ruam 4. Sau ua hom lus sib tham
Kev sau xov xwm, feem ntau, tsis siv cov lus nyuaj dhau. Tab sis nws kuj tsis siv cliches lossis slang. Cov kab lus yuav tsum ua raws tib yam lus xav tau. Sau koj cov kab lus hauv lub suab sib tham, zoo ib yam li koj yuav hais rau ib tus neeg hauv tsev neeg yog tias koj tau qhia lawv daim duab. Tsis txhob cliches thiab slang (thiab cov ntawv luv). Tsis txhob siv cov lus nyuaj yog tias lawv tsis xav tau.
Yog tias daim duab nrog nrog zaj dab neeg, sim siv lub suab qub hauv kab lus uas tau siv hauv zaj dab neeg
Kauj Ruam 5. Suav nrog cov dab neeg tsis tseem ceeb hauv kab lus
Cov dab neeg uas nrog cov duab zoo li yuav hais txog qee yam tshwj xeeb thiab, pom tseeb, qhia ib zaj dab neeg. Yog tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nkag siab txog daim duab, tab sis tsis tas yuav hais qhia zaj dab neeg, muab nws tso rau hauv kab lus tsis yog hauv lub cev ntawm zaj dab neeg.
- Qhov no tsis txhais tau tias cov lus piav qhia tsuas yog siv rau cov khoom tsis tseem ceeb ntawm zaj dab neeg, tab sis yog cov khoom uas tsis tseem ceeb rau kev qhia ntawm zaj dab neeg. Cov ntawv sau tuaj yeem yog zaj dab neeg mini-sawv dawb uas tuaj yeem suav nrog cov khoom tsis siv hauv zaj dab neeg nws tus kheej.
- Ib zaug ntxiv, nco ntsoov tias kab lus thiab zaj dab neeg yuav tsum ua kom sib ntxiv. Tsis rov hais dua ib leeg.
Kauj Ruam 6. Txiav txim siab tias yuav tsum siv cov cim dab tsi
Yog tias daim duab tsuas yog ib tus neeg (piv txwv li lub taub hau taub hau) lossis daim duab ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li lub kaus), nws tsis ua li cas rau sau cov duab nrog lub npe ntawm tus neeg lossis yam khoom yam tsis muaj cim cim. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, nws kuj tseem siv tau cov kab lus tsis tiav hauv kab lus, tab sis qhov no yuav yog nyob ntawm kev tshaj tawm thiab lawv xav tau.
- Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kab lus uas tsis muaj tus cim yuav yog: "Toyota 345X Transmission"
- Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab lus ua tiav thiab tsis tiav: Ua tiav - "Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Ann Ann Levy siv Acura 325 rau kev sib tw ntawm kev xeem Askiv tsav tsheb hauv London." Ua tsis tiav - "Noj Acura 325 rau qhov tig."
Kauj Ruam 7. Ua kom yooj yim piav qhia hauv kab lus tom ntej
Yog tias ntau yam, cov duab sib law liag hauv zaj dab neeg qhia pom tib qho chaw lossis tib neeg lossis xwm txheej, nws tsis tas yuav tsum rov hais dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom no hauv txhua kab lus. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj qhia tus neeg hauv thawj kab lus siv lawv lub npe tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim xa mus rau lawv nrog lawv lub xeem nyob hauv cov kab lus tom ntej.
- Nws yog qhov zoo los xav tias ib tus neeg saib thiab nyeem ib daim duab tau saib thiab nyeem cov kab lus ntawm cov duab yav dhau los vim tias lawv yuav nyob hauv qhov kev txiav txim tshwj xeeb uas qhia ib zaj dab neeg.
- Koj tseem tuaj yeem hla dhau cov ncauj lus ntxaws hauv kab lus yog tias zaj dab neeg nws tus kheej muab ntau cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, yog tias zaj dab neeg qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov xwm txheej, koj tsis tas yuav rov hais cov ntsiab lus ntawd hauv kab lus.
Kauj Ruam 8. Txheeb xyuas thaum cov duab tau hloov kho digitally
Cov duab qee zaum tau nthuav dav, nqaim, lossis txiav kom haum rau qhov xwm txheej, zaj dab neeg, nplooj ntawv, qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tsis tas yuav piav qhia vim tias nws tsis hloov dab tsi hauv daim duab. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tau hloov daim duab hauv lwm txoj kev (piv txwv li hloov xim, tshem tawm qee yam, ntxiv qee yam, txhim kho qee yam tsis zoo, thiab lwm yam) koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov no hauv kab lus.
- Cov ntawv sau tsis tas yuav hais meej qhov koj tau hloov pauv, tab sis yuav tsum tsawg kawg hais "duab piv txwv."
- Txoj cai no tseem mus rau cov txheej txheem kev yees duab tshwj xeeb zoo li lub sijhawm dhau mus, thiab lwm yam.
Kauj Ruam 9. Xav txog kev siv cov qauv kab lus-sau
Txog thaum koj tau siv los sau kab lus, koj yuav xav pib los ntawm kev siv cov mis tshwj xeeb. Thaum kawg koj cov ntawv yuav zoo li ua raws cov qauv no, lossis qee yam zoo sib xws, yam tsis tas koj yuav tsum xav txog nws. Tab sis txog thaum ntawd, tso siab rau cov mis kom ntseeg tau tias koj tau suav nrog txhua yam khoom xav tau.
- Ib qho piv txwv yog: [npe] [qhia] [yam khoom ncaj qha] thaum [lub npe tshwm sim tsim nyog] ntawm [qhov chaw nyob tsim nyog] hauv [nroog] ntawm [hnub ntawm lub lim tiam], [hli] [hnub], [xyoo]. [Vim li cas lossis li cas.]
- Ib qho piv txwv sau siv cov qauv no: "Dallas cov neeg tua hluav taws (npe) sib ntaus (tam sim no hais lus nruj) qhov hluav taws kub (cov khoom ncaj qha) ntawm Fitzhugh Apartments (qhov chaw nyob kom raug) nyob ze ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm Fitzhugh Avenue thiab Monarch Street hauv Dallas (nroog) Hnub Thursday (hnub ntawm lub lim tiam), Lub Xya Hli (hli) 1 (hnub tim), 2004 (xyoo)."
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Zam Kev Ua Yeeb Yam yuam kev
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsis txhob khav
Kev khav theeb hauv cov ntawv sau los thaum tus neeg sau cov ntawv tsis quav ntsej txog tus nyeem ntawv, thiab tsuas yog sau cov lus uas yooj yim thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv. Qhov no tseem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua tus kheej vim tias tus kws sau ntawv mob siab rau lawv tus kheej ntau dua li tus nyeem ntawv uas tab tom txiav txim siab seb daim duab thiab zaj dab neeg hais txog dab tsi.
Qhov no tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum tus kws sau ntawv tau sim ua 'zoo nkauj' thiab sim qee yam tshiab lossis ntse dua. Tsis tas yuav nyuaj. Khaws tej yam yooj yim, meej, thiab raug
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsis txhob ua qhov kev xav
Koj paub lawv hais dab tsi txog cov neeg uas xav tias …! Tib yam mus rau kev sau kab lus. Cov kev xav no tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm, kws yees duab, lossis txawm tias lwm tus neeg ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm uas txhua yam tau muab tso ua ke. Tsis txhob xav txog dab tsi tau tshwm sim hauv daim duab, lossis cov neeg yog leej twg. Tshawb nrhiav qhov tseeb thiab tsuas suav nrog qhov tseeb.
Qhov no tseem mus rau style thiab hom ntawv. Yog tias koj tsis paub meej tias daim ntawv tshaj tawm muaj hom tshwj xeeb rau kab lus, nug. Tsis txhob siv hom ntawv uas koj nyiam uas yuav xav tau kho dua tom qab vim tias koj tsis nug
Kauj Ruam 3. Nco ntsoov tias koj tsis dag
Sloppiness tshwm sim thaum ib tus neeg tsuas yog tsis quav ntsej, lossis tsis xav txog qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb txaus los tshuaj xyuas ob zaug. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev dag tuaj yeem sau tsis raug, lub npe tsis raug rau tib neeg hauv daim duab, cov ntawv sau uas tsis sib xws nrog cov duab, hais txog daim duab hauv zaj dab neeg tsis raug, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias koj txaus siab rau koj txoj haujlwm, ua qhov zoo hauj lwm txij thaum pib kom tiav.
Qhov no tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum ib tus neeg sim siv lwm yam lus hauv kab lus, tab sis tsis txheeb xyuas yog tias nws tau sau kom raug. Google Txhais lus tsis zoo ib yam ob zaug tshuaj xyuas yog tias cov lus raug
Kauj Ruam 4. Nco ntsoov tias yam koj luam tawm yog suav tias yog qhov tseeb
Ua ib tus neeg sau xov xwm, txhua yam koj luam tawm hauv koj zaj dab neeg lossis kab ntawv feem ntau yog qhov tseeb los ntawm koj cov neeg nyeem. Lawv ncaj ncees xav tias koj tau ua tiav koj qhov kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tseeb thiab qhov uas koj hais rau lawv yog qhov tseeb. Yog tias koj tau tub nkeeg heev lossis ua tsis tiav los ua txoj haujlwm, koj yuav pheej kis cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug rau ntau tus neeg.
Tseem nco ntsoov tias thaum cov ntaub ntawv tau txais "tawm muaj," nws tuaj yeem nyuaj kho. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam nrog qhov xwm txheej uas tau xwm txheej, ntxhov siab lossis tseem tab tom ua
Yees duab - Los ntawm kev siv qhov kev pabcuam no, qee cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug muab qhia rau YouTube
Lub tswv yim
- Cov ntawv xov xwm kev lag luam tau hu cov kab lus, "cutlines."
- Cov duab kab lus National Geographic yog cov piv txwv zoo ntawm cov ntawv sau txog kev sau xov xwm. National Geographic muaj npe nrov rau nws cov duab, tab sis feem ntau cov duab hauv phau ntawv xov xwm tseem suav nrog zaj dab neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg nyeem feem ntau zoo li saib daim duab ua ntej, nyeem kab ntawv, saib daim duab thib ob, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab yog tias lawv yuav nyeem zaj dab neeg. Ib lub npe zoo yuav tsum tso cai rau tus nyeem ntawv ua qhov dhia ntawm qhov yooj yim saib cov duab kom nyeem tau zaj dab neeg.
- Cov duab thiab kab lus yuav tsum ua kom sib ntxiv. Ua ke lawv yuav tsum qhia zaj dab neeg. Lawv yuav tsum zam kev rov ua dua. Cov ntawv sau yuav tsum pab piav qhia txog dab tsi, thaum twg, thiab qhov twg. Tab sis daim duab yuav tsum ua rau muaj kev xav hauv siab.
- Raws li kws yees duab, koj yuav tsum nqa phau ntawv sau thiab tus cwj mem/xaum nrog koj mus rau cov xwm txheej uas koj tab tom thaij duab. Siv sijhawm nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov duab, lossis thaum tos rau cov ncauj lus tshwj xeeb, sau cov npe ntawm cov tib neeg hauv koj cov duab nrog kev sau ntawv kom raug.
