Thaum koj tab tom tshawb fawb rau ib daim ntawv lossis daim ntawv tshaj tawm, koj tuaj yeem siv phau ntawv qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv los siv. Cov hom ntawv tseeb ntawm koj qhov citation sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov txheej txheem citation koj siv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim hauv qhov citation nws tus kheej feem ntau zoo ib yam. Txawm hais tias koj siv Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA), lossis Chicago style, koj qhov kev hais tawm yuav tsum tso cai rau txhua tus nyeem koj cov haujlwm kom pom cov ntaub ntawv tseeb uas koj siv.
Cov kauj ruam
Qauv Citations
MLA Encyclopedia Citation
Txhawb wikiHow thiab qhib tag nrho cov qauv.
APA Encyclopedia Citation
Txhawb wikiHow thiab qhib tag nrho cov qauv.
Chicago Encyclopedia Citation
Txhawb wikiHow thiab qhib tag nrho cov qauv.
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 4: MLA
Kauj Ruam 1. Pib nrog tus sau lub npe, yog tias paub
Qee cov ntaub ntawv nkag hauv phau encyclopedia suav nrog lub npe ntawm tus neeg uas sau lossis kho qhov nkag. Yog tias lub npe tau suav nrog, nws yuav yog thawj feem ntawm koj qhov kev nkag los ntawm koj nplooj ntawv "Ua Haujlwm Cited". Muab tus sau lub xeem lub npe ua ntej, tom qab ntawd lawv lub npe thiab tus lej nruab nrab (yog tias muaj). Yog tias tsis muaj qhov pib nruab nrab, tso lub sijhawm kawg ntawm tus sau lub npe.
Piv txwv: Lander, Jesse M
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab lub npe ntawm qhov nkag rau hauv cov lus hais
Muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv nkag hauv phau ntawv teev npe tsis teev tus sau rau kev nkag tshwj xeeb. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawd, hla tus sau thiab siv lub npe tag nrho ntawm kev nkag ua thawj feem ntawm koj qhov kev nkag los ntawm koj nplooj ntawv "Ua Haujlwm Cited". Muab cov npe tso rau hauv cov lus hais thiab tso ib lub sijhawm thaum kawg.
- Piv txwv uas tsis muaj tus sau: "Kev ntxub ntxaug."
- Piv txwv nrog tus sau: Lander, Jesse M. "Shakespeare, William."
Kauj Ruam 3. Suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog phau ntawv qhia paub txog tus kheej
Ib feem tom ntej ntawm koj li MLA cov ntaub ntawv muab lub npe ntawm phau ntawv txhais lus ua lus italics, tom qab ntawd tus kws kho lub npe, luam tawm, tus lej, tus tshaj tawm lub npe, thiab hnub tshaj tawm. Nyob ntawm phau encyclopedia thiab seb koj nkag mus rau nws li cas, qee cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsis muaj. Suav kom ntau li ntau tau, nrog tus lej nruab nrab ntawm txhua daim ntawv xov xwm. Muab tus lej cim tom qab hnub tshaj tawm.
- Piv txwv tsis muaj tus sau: “Asteroids.” Cov Duab Encyclopedia ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb, kho los ntawm James W. Guthrie, 2nd ed., Vol. 1, Watson-Guptill, 2001,
- Piv txwv nrog tus sau: Juturu, Vijaya. "Hom 2 Ntshav Qab Zib." Encyclopedia ntawm kev rog, kho Kathleen Keller, vol. 2, Sage Cov Ntawv Tshaj Tawm, 2008,
- Rau ib phau ntawv txhais lus online, yuav muaj feem yuav tsis luam tawm lossis ntim tus lej. Txhawm rau nrhiav ib tus kws kho mob lub npe, tus tshaj tawm lub npe, thiab hnub tshaj tawm, saib ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm phau ntawv qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv lossis ntawm nplooj ntawv "Txog". Nug tus kws saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv yog tias koj tsis paub meej.
Kauj Ruam 4. Sau cov naj npawb nplooj ntawv rau luam cov phau ntawv txhais lus
Tom qab cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm, ntaus ib qho chaw thiab tom qab ntawd "p." (rau ib nplooj ntawv nkaus xwb) lossis "pp." (rau ib nplooj ntawv ntau). Ntaus nplooj ntawv qhov pib nkag mus, tus hyphen, tom qab ntawv nplooj ntawv uas nkag mus tas.
- Piv txwv nrog tus sau: Barber, Russell J. "Anthropological Ethics." Kev coj ncaj ncees, kho los ntawm John K. Roth, Rev. ed., Vol. 1, Salem Xovxwm, 2005, phab 67-69.
- Piv txwv tsis muaj tus sau: "Guyana" Oxford Encyclopedia of World History, suav sau los ntawm Market House Books, Oxford UP, 1998, p. 283.
Kauj ruam 5. Muab qhov URL thiab hnub nkag mus rau cov phau ntawv txhais lus online. Yog tias koj nkag mus rau hauv phau ntawv qhia kev paub online, ua raws cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm nrog qhov tshwj xeeb URL rau kev nkag, tsis yog tus lej nplooj ntawv. Tsis txhob suav nrog "http:" thaum pib ntawm URL.
- Piv txwv: McLean, Steve. "Lub Tragically Hip." Canadian Encyclopedia, 26 Peb Hlis 2015, Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/the-tragically-hip-emc. Nkag mus rau 27 Lub Rau Hli 2016.
- Yog tias koj pom cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv lossis lwm cov ntaub ntawv hauv online, muab lub npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv kab ntawv tom kawg ntawm koj qhov kev hais tawm, tsis yog URL. Piv txwv: "Racism." Britannica Kev Kawm Txuj Ci, 2013. Encyclopædia Britannica.
Kauj Ruam 6. Siv hom ntawv tshwj xeeb rau Wikipedia nkag
Vim tias Wikipedia tau hloov kho tas li, MLA xav kom koj suav nrog hnub tim thiab sijhawm nkag uas koj siv tau hloov kho zaum kawg, ntxiv rau hnub uas koj tau saib nws zaum kawg. Qhov no tso cai rau koj cov neeg nyeem rov qab mus rau nplooj ntawv keeb kwm thiab tshuaj xyuas tib nplooj ntawv uas koj tau ua.
- Hom ntawv yooj yim rau Wikipedia nkag: "Title of Entry." Wikipedia: Tus Encyclopedia Pub Dawb, Wikimedia Foundation, Hnub Ib Hlis Xyoo nkag mus hloov kho zaum kawg, Lub sijhawm nkag nkag zaum kawg hloov kho, URL nkag. Nkag Mus Rau Hnub Ib Hlis Xyoo.
- Piv txwv: "Lub Cev Duab." Wikipedia: Tus Encyclopedia Dawb, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Lub Rau Hli 2016, 7:41 teev tsaus ntuj, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_image. Nkag mus rau 28 Lub Rau Hli 2016.
- Wikipedia yuav tsis yog qhov siv tau. Yog tias koj tab tom sau ntawv tshawb fawb rau tsev kawm ntawv txoj haujlwm, tshem tawm qhov chaw nrog koj tus kws qhia ua ntej.
Kauj Ruam 7. Muab cov lus hais ua niam txiv tso rau hauv koj cov ntawv
Yog tias koj hais txog cov ntaub ntawv nkag nkag hauv kab lus ntawm koj daim ntawv lossis daim ntawv tshaj tawm, suav nrog cov lus hais niam txiv tom kawg ntawm kab lus. Qhov no tso cai rau koj cov neeg nyeem kom pom tag nrho cov ntawv citation ntawm koj "Ua Haujlwm Cited" nplooj ntawv.
- Yog tias nkag mus pib nrog tus sau lub npe, muab tus sau lub xeem hauv koj li kev hais ua lus niam txiv. Piv txwv: (Lander)
- Yog tias tsis muaj tus sau, suav nrog 1 - 3 lo lus los ntawm lub npe nkag. Muab cov lus no tso rau hauv cov lus hais. Piv txwv: ("Racism")
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 4: APA
Kauj Ruam 1. Pib nrog tus sau daim ntawv nkag, yog tias muaj
Qee phau ntawv txhais lus encyclopedia suav nrog tus sau tshwj xeeb. Yog tias nkag nkag muab lub npe ntawm tus sau, ntaus lawv lub xeem, tom qab ntawd tus lej, tom qab ntawd lawv thawj lub npe thiab nruab nrab.
- Piv txwv: Smith, J. O.
- Yog tias nkag mus muaj ntau dua ib tus sau, cais ntau tus sau lub npe nrog tus lej, tso tus ampersand ua ntej tus sau lub xeem. Piv txwv: Smith, J. O., Stevens, R. T., & Pembroke, L. J.
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab lub npe nkag ua ntej yog tias tsis muaj tus paub sau
Feem ntau cov ntawv encyclopedia tsis muaj tus sau lub npe. Txog cov ntawv nkag, hla tus sau thiab siv lub npe nkag ua thawj feem ntawm koj qhov kev hais tawm. Siv kab lus-rooj plaub, ua kom muaj peev xwm tsuas yog thawj lo lus thiab txhua lub npe tsim nyog. Muab lub sijhawm nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm lub npe.
- Piv txwv uas tsis muaj tus sau: Toj roob hauv pes.
- Piv txwv nrog tus sau: Smith, J. O. Kev ua vaj tsev toj roob hauv pes.
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab lub xyoo luam tawm hauv kab ntawv
Ntaus ib qho chaw tom qab lub sijhawm tom qab lub npe, tom qab ntawd qhib cov ntawv sau thiab ntaus lub xyoo uas phau ntawv txhais lus tau luam tawm. Kaw cov kab lus thiab muab lub sijhawm tam sim ntawd tom qab.
- Piv txwv nrog tus sau: Smith, J. O. Kev ua vaj tsev toj roob hauv pes. (2014).
- Piv txwv uas tsis muaj tus sau: Toj roob hauv pes. (2014).
- Siv cov ntawv luv "nd" hauv kab ntawv rau cov peev txheej uas tsis muaj hnub tim, lossis rau cov peev txheej hauv online, xws li Wikipedia, qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv yuav hloov pauv nyob rau lub sijhawm. Piv txwv: Veterinary tshuaj. (nws.). Hauv Wikipedia.
Kauj Ruam 4. Qhia tus kws kho lub npe, yog muab
Ib feem tom ntej ntawm koj qhov kev suav sau suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog phau ntawv qhia paub txog kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho, tsis yog nkag tus kheej. Yog tias phau encyclopedia sau tus kws kho mob, ntaus lawv thawj lub npe thiab tus lej nruab nrab (yog tias muab), tom qab ntawd lawv lub xeem. Ntxiv cov ntawv luv "Ed." sau "Eds." (rau ntau tus neeg kho) hauv kab ntawv, tom qab ntawd tso tus lej cim.
- Piv txwv: Smith, J. O. Kev ua vaj tsev toj roob hauv pes. (2014). Hauv B. K. Desjardins (Ed.),
- Yog tias tsis muaj tus kws kho mob lub npe, hla qhov no ntawm qhov kev hais tawm thiab txav mus rau lub npe ntawm phau ntawv txhais lus.
Kauj Ruam 5. Suav nrog lub npe ntawm phau encyclopedia hauv cov ntawv qaij
Yog tias tsis muaj tus khoos phis tawj, ntaus lo lus "Hauv" ua ntej lub npe ntawm phau encyclopedia. Siv cov kab lus kab lus, ua kom muaj peev xwm tsuas yog thawj lo lus thiab txhua lub npe tsim nyog. Ua raws nrog cov kab ke rau tsab ntawv hauv kab ntawv, yog tias tsim nyog.
- Piv txwv nrog tus kws kho mob: Smith, J. O. Toj roob hauv pes ua teb. (2014). Hauv BK Desjardins (Ed.), Mammoth Gardening Encyclopedia (2nd ed.).
- Piv txwv yam tsis muaj tus kws kho mob: Rowling, JK European owls (2018). Hauv Encyclopedia ntawm Zaum Zaum.
Kauj Ruam 6. Sau cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm ntxiv rau phau ntawv hla tebchaws online
Yog tias koj nkag mus rau hauv phau ntawv teev npe nkag hauv is taws nem, koj qhov kev hais tawm yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv txaus los coj koj tus nyeem ncaj qha mus rau qhov nkag uas koj siv. Yog tias koj siv cov ntaub ntawv hauv online los ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv, muab lub npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg thiab DOI (Cov Khoom Siv Tus Kheej), yog tias muaj. Rau cov vev xaib, suav nrog tag nrho URL thaum kawg ntawm koj qhov kev hais tawm.
- Piv txwv database hauv online: Gannon, P. (nd). Lub paj hlwb kev hloov pauv. Hauv AccessScience Mcgraw-Hill phau ntawv qhia txog kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis (10th ed.). doi: 10/1036/1097-8542. YB040925.
- Piv txwv lub vev xaib: Beckwith, J., & Foley, D. (2012). Kev sau nkauj. Hauv Canadian Encyclopedia. Tau txais los ntawm
Kauj Ruam 7. Rov qab mus rau koj daim ntawv teev npe nrog cov lus hais ua niam txiv
Thaum twg los xij koj hais txog cov ntaub ntawv nkag nkag hauv kab lus ntawm koj daim ntawv lossis daim ntawv tshaj tawm, muab cov lus hais niam txiv tso rau tom kawg ntawm kab lus kom koj cov neeg nyeem tuaj yeem pom cov lus cuv npe hauv koj daim ntawv teev npe.
- Piv txwv nrog tus sau: (Smith, 2014).
- Piv txwv uas tsis muaj tus sau: ("Kev ua teb toj roob hauv pes," 2014).
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 4: Chicago Style Bibliography
Kauj Ruam 1. Pib nrog tus sau lub npe, yog tias paub
Yog tias cov npe nkag sau tus kws sau tshwj xeeb, pib koj qhov kev hais tawm hauv koj phau ntawv sau keeb kwm nrog lawv lub xeem. Tom qab ntawd tso tus lej thiab muab tus sau lub npe thiab tus lej nruab nrab, yog tias muaj. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov pib nruab nrab, tso ib lub sijhawm tom qab tus sau lub npe.
Piv txwv: Bradley, William J
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntaus lub npe ntawm qhov nkag mus hauv cov lus hais
Lub ntsiab lus tom ntej ntawm Chicago style cov ntaub ntawv teev keeb kwm yog lub npe tag nrho ntawm kev nkag, siv lub npe-rooj plaub. Txheeb cov lus hauv lub npe nkag raws nraim li lawv tshwm hauv phau encyclopedia nws tus kheej. Muab sijhawm rau qhov kawg ntawm lub npe nkag, tom qab ntawd kaw koj cov lus hais.
- Piv txwv nrog tus sau: Bradley, William J. "Kev Ntaus Pob Ntaus Pob."
- Piv txwv tsis muaj tus sau: "Major League Baseball."
Kauj Ruam 3. Txheeb xyuas phau ntawv qhia paub txog qhov twg nkag mus
Rau lub ntsiab lus tom ntej, ntaus lo lus "Hauv" ua raws los ntawm lub npe ntawm phau ntawv txhais lus hauv kab ntawv italics. Muab ib lub sijhawm, suav nrog tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv lossis tus lej tag nrho, yog tias muaj. Ua raws nrog qhov chaw ntawm tus tshaj tawm, tus nyuv, thiab lub npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm. Muab tus lej cim, tom qab ntawd ntaus lub xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm ua raws lub sijhawm.
- Piv txwv nrog tus lej naj npawb: Bradley, William J. "Kev Ntaus Pob Ntaus Pob." Hauv Encyclopedia ntawm Kev Ua Si. 3ed ua. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2017.
- Piv txwv tsis muaj tsab ntawv: "Major League Baseball." Hauv Kev Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij. Chicago, IL: Ua Si Pob Xovxwm, 1999.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus thiab tus URL rau nkag online
Yog tias koj pom qhov nkag online, muab hnub uas nkag nkag tau hloov kho zaum kawg. Yog tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub vev xaib uas qhia thaum twg qhov nkag nkag tau hloov kho zaum kawg, muab hnub uas koj nkag mus nkag. Xaus koj qhov kev suav nrog URL tag nrho uas coj ncaj qha rau nkag.
- Piv txwv nrog hnub hloov kho zaum kawg: "Wilt Chamberlain." Wikipedia. Hloov kho zaum kawg Lub Rau Hli 12, 2011.
- Piv txwv nrog hnub nkag mus: "O'Keefe, Georgia." Hauv Oxford Kev Koom Tes rau Western Art. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2010. Accessed June 14, 2011.
Txoj Kev 4 ntawm 4: Chicago Style Footnotes lossis Endnotes
Kauj Ruam 1. Sib cais cov ntsiab lus hais nrog tus lej cim hauv tus lej hauv qab lossis cov lus xaus
Thaum koj ntaus koj cov ntawv citation rau koj phau ntawv sau keeb kwm, txhua feem ntawm qhov kev hais tawm tau muab cais ua ntu zus. Siv tus lej cim tsis yog lub sijhawm thaum tsim cov lus taw qhia txhawm rau siv cov ntaub ntawv encyclopedia tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntawv.
- Hauv Chicago tus qauv, cov lus sau hauv kab ntawv yog tus lej lej sau rau hauv qab ntawm txhua nplooj ntawv (tus lej hauv qab) lossis tom kawg ntawm koj daim ntawv (cov lus xaus). Cov ntawv sau lawv tus kheej yog cov ntawv luv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv koj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm. Yog tias koj tab tom sau ntawv rau chav kawm, nug koj tus kws qhia seb lawv puas nyiam cov lej hauv qab lossis cov lus xaus.
- Txhua txoj haujlwm uas tau hais hauv tus lej hauv qab lossis cov lus xaus yuav tsum muaj qhov nkag nkag hauv koj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm.
Kauj Ruam 2. Omit lub npe ntawm tus sau hauv cov lus hauv qab lossis cov lus xaus
Encyclopedia nkag feem ntau tsis suav nrog cov npe sau. Txawm tias thaum lawv ua, Phau Ntawv Qhia Chicago ua rau poob siab nrog rau lawv lub npe hauv koj cov ntawv hauv qab lossis cov lus xaus. Txawm li cas los xij, koj muaj kev txiav txim siab suav nrog nws yog tias koj xav tias nws tseem ceeb.
- Piv txwv nrog tus sau: William J. Bradley, "Professional Basketball," Encyclopedia of Sport, 3rd ed.
- Piv txwv yam tsis muaj tus sau: "Major League Baseball," Professional Sports Encyclopedia.
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab lub npe ntawm phau encyclopedia hauv cov ntawv qaij
Tsis zoo li cov ntaub ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv sau cia, uas pib nrog tus sau lub npe lossis lub npe nkag, tus lej hauv qab lossis cov lus xaus pib nrog lub npe ntawm phau ntawv txhais lus. Yog tias muaj tus lej luam tawm, ntxiv nws tam sim ntawd tom qab lub npe ntawm phau ntawv txhais lus encyclopedia.
Piv txwv: Encyclopedia of Personal Finance,
Kauj Ruam 4. Suav nrog lub npe ntawm cov lus nkag hauv nqe lus
Ua raws li lub npe ntawm phau encyclopedia, ntaus cov ntawv luv "s.v." ua raws los ntawm lub npe nkag. Siv cov ntaub ntawv npe thiab teeb tsa lo lus kom raws nraim li nws tshwm hauv qhov nkag nws tus kheej.
- Piv txwv: Encyclopedia of Personal Finance, s.v. "Predatory Qiv."
- Cov ntawv luv "s.v." sawv rau cov kab lus Latin sub verbo, uas txhais tau tias "hauv qab lo lus."
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm tsuas yog tsim nyog
Tshaj li lub npe ntawm phau ntawv qhia kev paub thiab nws cov lej luam tawm, phau ntawv Chicago tsis xav tau lwm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm hauv tus lej hauv qab lossis cov lus xaus. Txawm li cas los xij, koj muaj kev txiav txim siab suav nrog nws yog tias koj xav tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv los txheeb xyuas qhov nkag. Muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau hauv kab ntawv, raws li koj xav tau thaum hais txog phau ntawv hauv tus lej hauv qab lossis cov lus xaus.
Piv txwv: William J. Bradley, "Professional Basketball," Encyclopedia of Sport, 3rd ed. (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2017)
Kauj Ruam 6. Muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau cov ntawv encyclopedia online
Yog tias koj pom cov ntawv nkag nkag hauv online, koj tus lej hauv paus lossis cov lus xaus yuav tsum suav nrog hnub uas nkag nkag tau hloov kho zaum kawg lossis hnub koj tau nkag mus rau nws, tom qab ntawd txuas ncaj qha URL lossis DOI (Cov Khoom Taw Qhia Digital).
- Piv txwv nrog URL thiab hnub nkag mus: Oxford Companion to Western Art, s.v. "O'Keefe, Georgia," nkag rau Lub Rau Hli 14, 2011,
- Piv txwv nrog URL thiab hnub hloov kho zaum kawg: Wikipedia, s.v. "Wilt Chamberlain," hloov kho zaum kawg Lub Rau Hli 12, 2011,
