Yuav Ua Li Cas Teeb Teeb Fais Fab Qhia (nrog Duab)

Cov txheej txheem:

Yuav Ua Li Cas Teeb Teeb Fais Fab Qhia (nrog Duab)
Yuav Ua Li Cas Teeb Teeb Fais Fab Qhia (nrog Duab)
Anonim

Kev tso cov foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem yog txoj hauv kev zoo los ua kev zoo siab rau hnub so lossis lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, tab sis nws yuav siv ntau txoj kev npaj ua ntej kom ntseeg tau tias nws nyab xeeb thiab lom zem rau txhua tus. Yog tias koj xaiv qhov foob pob hluav taws raug cai thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas foob pob hluav taws kev nyab xeeb thiab raug cai, txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tso cov foob pob hluav taws zoo nkauj rau koj tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg!

Cov kauj ruam

Ntu 1 ntawm 3: Xaiv Koj Lub foob pob hluav taws

Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 1
Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 1

Kauj Ruam 1. Npaj siv sijhawm txog $ 150- $ 500 (£ 125 txog £ 400) rau kev ua yeeb yam zoo

Qhov no yuav tsum muab rau koj nyob qhov twg los ntawm 10-50 lub plhaub, nyob ntawm qhov koj xaiv.

Sim sib txawv koj cov yeeb yam nrog tsawg kawg 3-4 qhov cuam tshuam sib txawv, xws li ua ke ntawm peony tawg, brocades, thiab dej tsaws tsag, nrog rau ntau yam ncuav mog qab zib rau qhov kawg

Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 2
Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 2

Kauj Ruam 2. Xaiv qhov zoo tshaj qhov ntau

Cov foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem kim, tab sis koj yuav muaj cov yeeb yam zoo tshaj yog tias koj tsom mus rau qhov ua yeeb yam luv luv ntim nrog cov huab cua zoo dua li sim ua kom ncua koj cov peev nyiaj mus rau qhov ntev tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua. Xaiv cov phom uas yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg coob coob thiab tua hluav taws ntau dua li yuav lub raj mis foob pob thiab Roman tswm ciab ntau.

Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 3
Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 3

Kauj Ruam 3. Mus nrog lub plhaub peony rau qhov feem ntau foob pob hluav taws tawg

Peonies yog lub plhaub neeg feem coob xav txog thaum lawv xav txog qhov foob pob hluav taws. Lawv tsim qhov sib tawg ntawm cov hnub qub uas muaj xim thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ob peb tau siv ua tiav sai.

Tus nqi ntawm peony nruab nrab kwv yees li $ 25 USD

Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 4
Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 4

Kauj Ruam 4. Xaiv lub plhaub brocade rau lub kaus uas txawv

Brocades taug txoj kev tawg, uas maj mam cascade hauv qhov zoo li lub kaus. Siv kev sib xyaw ntawm brocades thiab peonies rau qhov qhib qhov muag.

Lub plhaub taum 10-txhaj tshuaj pib ntawm kwv yees li $ 20 tab sis tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau npaum li $ 100 nyob ntawm qhov siv zog thiab ntev npaum li cas

Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 5
Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 5

Kauj Ruam 5. Xaiv cov foob pob hluav taws rau dej tsaws tsag kom ntev

Dej tsaws tsag dej tsaws tsag tsim, raws li lub npe qhia, cov dej tsaws tsag tom qab so. Cov hnub qub tsuas yog poob qis, tab sis cov nyhuv tuaj yeem ua rau xav tsis thoob.

Lub foob pob hluav taws 10 ft (3.0 m) yuav tsum raug nqi ib puag ncig $ 40 USD

Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 6
Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 6

Kauj Ruam 6. Xaiv tus ntoo khaub lig rau qhov tawg uas crisscrosses

Tus ntoo khaub lig hla ntau lub hnub qub loj uas tom qab ntawd sib cais ua cov hnub qub me. Qhov no yog nrog los ntawm lub suab nrov nrov thiab ua rau lub ntsej muag hla lossis kab sib chaws.

Koj tuaj yeem pom ntau qhov kev tua crossettes pib ntawm kwv yees li $ 15- $ 20 USD

Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 7
Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 7

Kauj Ruam 7. Yuav ib txheej los tso saib cov lus lossis cov duab

Teeb cov khoom feem ntau hlawv txog li ib feeb, thiab lawv ua rau cov neeg nyiam. Lawv muaj nyob hauv ntau yam qauv, duab, thiab cov lus, suav nrog chij, lub siab, lossis cov cim lag luam. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov no txhawm rau txhawm rau mloog cov neeg mloog thaum pib, lossis koj tuaj yeem koom nrog nws hauv koj qhov kawg.

Txij li cov teeb tsa feem ntau yog kev tsim qauv, cov no tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau pua daus las, tab sis qhov cuam tshuam tsim nyog nws yog tias koj muaj chav nyob hauv koj li peev nyiaj

Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 8
Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 8

Kauj Ruam 8. Tau khoom qab zib rau ntau yam huab cua uas cuam tshuam rau hluav taws

Cov ncuav tuaj yeem yog txoj hauv kev zoo los tsim qhov kev ua yeeb yam loj kawg, vim tias lawv tua ntau lub plhaub hauv lub sijhawm luv. Cov ntawv yuav piav qhia qhov cuam tshuam uas lub ncuav qab zib muaj.

Cov ncuav tuaj yeem ua tus nqi ntawm $ 25 txog $ 150, nyob ntawm seb lawv qhov loj me thiab qhov cuam tshuam lawv tsim

Ntu 2 ntawm 3: Npaj Ua Ntej Qhia

Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 9
Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 9

Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb xyuas koj cov cai hauv cheeb tsam kom pom cov foob pob hluav taws twg raug tso cai

Txij li cov foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb, koj yuav raug txwv tsis pub siv qee yam nyob ntawm seb koj nyob qhov twg, lossis koj yuav tsum tau xaj daim ntawv tso cai.

  • Piv txwv li, txawm hais tias ntau lub xeev hauv Asmeskas tso cai rau siv cov foob pob hluav taws (tseem hu ua Class C lossis 1.4G), New Jersey txwv tsis pub siv foob pob hluav taws saum ntuj thiab foob pob hluav taws. Qee lub nroog tsis tso cai foob pob hluav taws.
  • Koj kuj tseem yuav raug txwv thaum koj tuaj yeem siv foob pob hluav taws. Piv txwv li, hauv Indiana, foob pob hluav taws yuav tsis siv tom qab 11:00 teev tsaus ntuj lossis ua ntej 9:00 teev sawv ntxov, tshwj tsis yog hnub so, thaum lub sijhawm txuas ntxiv mus txog ib tag hmo.
Teeb tsa Foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 10
Teeb tsa Foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 10

Kauj Ruam 2. Scout tawm ntawm koj qhov chaw yog li koj yuav paub ntau npaum li cas chav koj muaj rau cov yeeb yam

Cov foob pob hluav taws yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob hauv 25 ko taw (7.6 m) ntawm ib qho khoom siv ua ntej, thiab koj cov neeg saib yuav tsum nyob tsawg kawg 50 taw (15 m) los ntawm koj cov foob pob hluav taws.

  • Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus nrug rau cov neeg saib yuav txawv nyob ntawm koj qhov chaw nyob. Piv txwv li, hauv Missouri, qhov deb yog 70 feet ib nti (kwv yees li 10 metres rau txhua lub centimeter) ntawm cov kab xaum puab sab hauv ntawm lub plhaub loj tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tua. Hauv qhov no, cov yeeb yam kaw nrog tshuaj khib uas yog 2 ntiv tes (5.1 cm) hauv txoj kab uas hla yuav xav tau cov neeg saib pom nrug deb ntawm 140 taw (43 m)
  • Xyuas kom koj xaiv lub tiaj, qhib thaj chaw uas tsis muaj nyom qhuav, nplooj tuag, cov tsev nyob ze, ntoo, lossis lwm yam phom sij txaus ntshai.
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 11
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 11

Kauj Ruam 3. Sau ib daim phiaj rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm koj cov yeeb yam

Xyuas kom txhua tus neeg uas yuav pab koj muaj daim ntawv theej ntawm daim phiaj. Rau qhov cuam tshuam ntau tshaj plaws thaum lub sijhawm koj ua yeeb yam, tig koj cov foob pob hluav taws cuam tshuam thiab npaj kom muaj qhov khoob me me li sai tau.

  • Feem ntau cov foob pob hluav taws yuav tsum tig yam tsawg kawg txhua feeb lossis li ntawd.
  • Npaj kom tsuas tua ob peb lub plhaub ib zaug. Yog tias koj tua hluav taws ntau dhau, cov teebmeem yuav ploj mus.
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 12
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 12

Kauj Ruam 4. Tsim lossis yuav lub tawb kom tuav koj lub foob pob hluav taws

Lub trough yog cov qauv uas muaj cov xuab zeb lossis lub ntiaj teb mos mos uas cov foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem tso tau zoo. Koj tuaj yeem tsim koj lub trough tawm ntawm plywood lossis siv cov thawv loj. Nco ntsoov tias koj cov xuab zeb lossis av tsis pub dawb los ntawm cov pob zeb lossis lwm yam khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau txaus ntshai thaum tawg.

  • Txhawb lossis txhawb nqa koj lub trough nrog cov zauv lossis cov ntoo hnyav.
  • Ruaj ntseg koj lub trough nrog cov ceg txheem ntseeg lossis cov ntsia hlau loj, lossis siv A-thav duab los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev hla.
  • Yog tias koj muaj ntau lub foob pob hluav taws, koj yuav xav tau ntau dua ib lub nqaj. Ntsuas qhov loj me ntawm koj lub trough, tom qab ntawd tsim cov duab ntxhib ntawm yuav ua li cas koj cov foob pob hluav taws yuav tawm mus. Siv qhov no los txiav txim seb koj puas xav tau ntau dua ib lub trough.
Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 13
Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 13

Kauj Ruam 5. Teeb koj lub foob pob hluav taws thaum nruab hnub

Txawm hais tias koj yuav xav tso koj lub foob pob hluav taws tom qab lub hnub pib teeb, koj yuav tsum teeb tsa thaum nruab hnub kom ntseeg tau tias koj tau txais txhua yam raws qhov koj xav tau. Qhov no yuav pab koj cov yeeb yam kom nyab xeeb dua thiab raug dua.

Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 14
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 14

Kauj Ruam 6. Muab koj lub plhaub tso rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim thiab qhia koj xav kom lawv tua hluav taws

Kab koj lub plhaub nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim koj xav kom lawv tawg thiab faus lawv nruab nrab ntawm ib nrab thiab ob feem peb sib sib zog nqus hauv cov xuab zeb, kab hauv kab ntawv koj xav kom lawv tawg. Qhov no yuav pab xyuas kom lawv ruaj khov txaus kom tua ncaj qha los ntawm qhov lawv taw qhia. Nco ntsoov tso lub fuse tsis pom.

  • Tej zaum koj yuav xav faus cov plhaub kom lawv lub kaum me ntsis (li 15 °) deb ntawm cov neeg coob coob. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tua hluav taws hla cov neeg coob coob lub taub hau, vim qhov tawg tuaj yeem poob rau hauv av thiab ua rau raug mob.
  • Nyeem daim ntawv lo ntawm txhua lub plhaub kom zoo zoo koj thiaj nkag siab tias cov foob pob hluav taws yuav mus deb npaum li cas ua ntej lawv yuav tawg.
  • Ntau lub foob pob hluav taws muaj "kab faus" uas yuav qhia koj tob npaum li cas kom cog lawv hauv cov xuab zeb.
Teem Teeb Fais Fab Qhia Kauj Ruam 15
Teem Teeb Fais Fab Qhia Kauj Ruam 15

Kauj Ruam 7. Sib cais cov plhaub los ntawm yam tsawg ib yam li lawv tus kheej taub

Piv txwv li, yog tias koj muaj lub plhaub uas yog 2 ntiv tes (5.1 cm) hauv txoj kab uas hla, koj yuav ua kom ntseeg tau tias nws tau nrug tsawg kawg 2 ntiv tes (5.1 cm) los ntawm lub plhaub tom ntej. Siv qhov ntsuas ntawm lub plhaub loj los txiav txim qhov no.

Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 16
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 16

Kauj Ruam 8. Teeb lub foob pob hluav taws me me nyob rau pem hauv ntej thiab cov khoom loj nyob deb ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib

Koj lub foob pob hluav taws me me yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau tshaj yog tias lawv raug tua ze rau koj cov neeg mloog, thaum koj qhov loj dua yuav tsum tau muab ntau chav kom lawv pom tau zoo.

Nco ntsoov tias koj tseem tso cai rau qhov chaw tsawg kawg nkaus uas xav tau los ntawm koj txoj cai hauv nroog ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws thiab cov neeg tuaj saib

Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 17
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 17

Kauj Ruam 9. Txuas koj lub foob pob hluav taws nrog lub fuse

Txawm hais tias koj siv lub teeb koj lub foob pob hluav taws los ntawm txhais tes lossis nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tawg, koj yuav tsum txuas koj lub foob pob hluav taws nrog lub fuse ntev. Koj tuaj yeem txuas ob peb lub plhaub rau ib qho fuse, nrog qhov ntev ntawm lub fuse tsim kev ncua ntawm kev tua. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov foob pob hluav taws online pib ntawm $ 5 rau 10 ft (3.0 m) fuse.

  • Txhawm rau txiav txim siab ntau npaum li cas fuse siv ntawm foob pob hluav taws, txiav 6 hauv (15 cm) daim fuse thiab teeb ib kawg. (Nco ntsoov tias koj tsis nyob ze ntawm koj lub plhaub thaum koj ua qhov no.) Lub sijhawm ntev npaum li cas nws thiaj li hlawv txhua txoj hauv kev, tom qab ntawd siv qhov ntawd raws li koj cov lus qhia rau qhov sib nrug ntawm koj lub foob pob hluav taws.
  • Txhawm rau ua kom koj lub foob pob hluav taws muaj kev nyab xeeb, siv lub teeb nrig ntev los tua lub fuse. Teeb tsuas yog cov lus qhia, tom qab ntawd rov qab mus deb kawg 20 feet (6.1 m) thiab tos kom txog thaum txhua lub foob pob hluav taws ua tiav ua ntej koj teeb lub teeb tom ntej.
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 18
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 18

Kauj Ruam 10. Siv lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob yog tias koj tsis xav teeb lub fuses ntawm tes

Cov tshuab hluav taws xob feem ntau siv rau cov lus qhia loj dua vim lawv muab kev tswj xyuas kom raug. Koj tuaj yeem yuav lawv qhov twg koj yuav foob pob hluav taws zoo kawg lossis ntawm lub khw muag khoom kho vajtse uas muag cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lawv tuaj yeem raug nqi nyob qhov twg los ntawm $ 15 txog $ 60 rau tus qauv yooj yim, lossis ntau npaum li $ 200 rau cov kws tshaj lij-qib tshuaj tua kab. Sawv ntsug rov qab txog 20 feet (6.1 m) thaum koj tso lub fuse.

Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 19
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 19

Kauj Ruam 11. Muaj dej txaus nyob ze

Sau ob peb lub thoob nrog dej thiab tso lawv ze rau thaj chaw tso tawm, lossis yuav cov tshuaj tua hluav taws dej los ntawm lub khw muag khoom kho vajtse. Muaj dej ntau yuav pab tau yog tias muaj cov neeg tawg paj tawg los yog pov tseg cov pliaj tsis zoo.

  • Kom paub tseeb tias koj tuaj yeem ncav cuag dej sai yog tias koj xav tau, khaws lub thoob loj ntawm txhua lub ces kaum ntawm koj lub trough zaub, lossis muaj ib lub tshuab tua hluav taws ntawm txhua sab.
  • Qhov no tseem ceeb dua kom ua thaum koj foob pob hluav taws rau hmo sov, qhuav. Nws tseem tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj tsuag dej txias rau saum txhua lub tshuaj khib kom txias lub plhaub me ntsis ntxiv txhawm rau txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws tsis raug, tab sis ceev faj tsis txhob tso koj lub taub hau ncaj qha rau hauv cov tshuaj khib thaum koj ua qhov no.

Ntu 3 ntawm 3: Nyob Nyab Xeeb

Teeb tsa Fais Fab Qhia Kauj Ruam 20
Teeb tsa Fais Fab Qhia Kauj Ruam 20

Kauj Ruam 1. Nyeem cov lus qhia ntawm txhua lub plhaub kom koj paub tias nws yuav ua dab tsi

Qee lub plhaub yuav tua mus rau saum huab cua nrog zig-zag, thaum lwm tus yuav tua lub hnub qub ntxiv tom qab ncua sijhawm. Ua tib zoo nyeem daim ntawv lo ntawm txhua lub plhaub kom koj thiaj paub tseeb tias nws yuav tsum coj li cas.

Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 21
Teem Tua Hluav Taws Xob Qhia Kauj Ruam 21

Kauj Ruam 2. Ua tib zoo saib huab cua hnub ntawm kev tshaj tawm

Txawm hais tias koj zoo siab npaum li cas txog qhov yeeb yam, kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum yog koj thawj qhov kev txhawj xeeb. Cua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txim taws los ntawm foob pob hluav taws kom coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj hluav taws kub rau cov tsev nyob ze lossis raug mob rau koj cov neeg tuaj saib. Yog tias qhov kev kwv yees hu cua hlob siab dua 11-16 pob, lossis 12-18 mais ib teev (19–29 km/h), koj yuav xav siv lub plhaub loj dua ntawm qhov yeeb yam lossis rov teem dua nws tag nrho.

Koj tsis tas yuav thim koj cov yeeb yam vim nag los ntev li koj tau tiv thaiv koj cov fuses nrog lub hnab yas, tab sis koj yuav xav ncua kev ua yeeb yam rau cov neeg coob coob

Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 22
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 22

Kauj Ruam 3. Hnav tsom iav kev nyab xeeb thiab pob ntseg pob ntseg thaum lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm

Ib tus neeg twg uas yuav nyob ze thaj chaw pib yuav tsum hnav cov iav tiv thaiv lawv lub qhov muag thiab pob ntseg. Koj kuj tseem xav hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv hluav taws.

  • Muaj ob peb tus phooj ywg npaj yuav nyob ze thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam yog tias koj xav tau kev pab tua hluav taws.
  • Yog tias koj tua hluav taws, poob rau hauv av thiab yob kom nplaim taws.
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 23
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 23

Kauj Ruam 4. Khaws cov nqi seem lossis fuse ntxiv 10 ko taw (3.0 m) kom deb ntawm thaj chaw tso tawm

Cov hluav taws tawg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntxiv lossis fuses koj muaj ntawm tes. Khaws lawv tsawg kawg 10 feet (3.0 m) los ntawm koj lub thoob khib nyiab. Tsis txhob khaws tus nqi lossis fuses hauv koj lub hnab ris, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau taws thiab ua rau koj raug mob hnyav.

Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 24
Teeb tsa foob pob hluav taws Qhia Kauj Ruam 24

Kauj Ruam 5. Tsis txhob sim rov qab foob pob hluav taws uas tsis tawm mus

Hloov chaw, tos txog 30 feeb, tom qab ntawd muab lawv tso rau hauv dej.

Lub tswv yim

  • Tau txais cov neeg mloog nrog qhov qhib muaj zog, tab sis khaws koj cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov kawg nco
  • Tawm qee chav hauv koj cov peev nyiaj rau cov iav. Yog tias koj tab tom ua yeeb yam loj, koj yuav xav tau ntoo rau lub ciam av nplaum, ntxiv rau daim kab xev, lub teeb, lub fuse ntxiv, thiab kev thauj mus los thiab los ntawm cov yeeb yam. Qhov no tuaj yeem raug nqi txog $ 100 USD.
  • Siv cov hnab khib nyiab lossis yas qhwv los npog cov fuse thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm nag lossis lwg.

Lus ceeb toom

  • Tsis txhob khaws cov plhaub ntxiv rau hauv koj lub hnab ris.
  • Tsis txhob tua cov plhaub los ntawm cov hlau lossis iav ntim vim lawv tuaj yeem tawg.
  • Tsis txhob tso cai haus luam yeeb nyob ib puag ncig thaj chaw tua hluav taws.
  • Tsis txhob muab foob pob hluav taws rau menyuam yaus.
  • Tsis txhob haus dej cawv lossis ua tshuaj twg ua ntej lossis thaum ua yeeb yam. Cov foob pob hluav taws xav tau qhov tseeb thiab ua tib zoo txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
  • Tsis txhob tua ib lub raj uas tsis muaj lub hauv paus ntsaws los yog uas tau tawg, khoov, lossis thaws.

Pom zoo: